氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理，氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明，现蕾期至花球膨大期，青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大，整个生长期对钾的吸收最多，氮次之，磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中，现蕾后逐渐向花球转移，从现蕾到采收时，叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%，花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率，增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%，不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明，青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关，成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。

Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Boron on Nutrient Absorption, Distribution, Yield and Quality of Broccoli

Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium deficiency and boron on N、P、K nutrition absorption and distribution, yield, quality and of broccoli. The results showed that the plant accumulate more mineral nutrition during initial period of bud to curd intumescences period. In the whole growth stage, broccoli absorbed K highest, and then N, P was least. N, P, K was distributed in leaves mostly, and then turn to curd. The content of NPK decreased 19.6%, 10% and 9.0% in leaves from bud period to harvest and the content of NPK in curd increased to 23.1%, 15.9% and 11.1% respectively in harvest period. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deficiency decreased yield, vitamin C and finished product rate significantly. The treatment of adding boron increased finished product rate 4.8% than NKP treatment. The treatment of deficiency of nitrogen and sulfur decreased the glucosinolates significantly. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield was significant correlate with N, K accumulation in plant and finished product rate was significant correlate with the P in plant.