Nitrogen-use efficiency in tropical lowland rice systems: contributions from indigenous and applied nitrogen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 830915, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA;2. Department of Earth System Science and Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, CA, USA;1. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/ National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;2. College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China;3. Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;4. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;1. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Manhattan, KS, United States;2. University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR 518, 75231 Paris, France;3. Honorary Director of Research, INRAE, 86600 Lusignan, France;1. Jiangsu Key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009 (China);2. Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009 (China);3. College of Agronomy, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009 (China);4. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009 (China);1. Programa Nacional de Investigación en Arroz, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay;2. Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK;3. School of Water, Energy & Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK;4. Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK;5. International Fertilizer Association (IFA), Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | Partial factor productivity (Pfp) from N fertilizer is the ratio of grain yield to the applied N rate. It is a parameter that includes contributions to N-use efficiency from both indigenous N of the soil-floodwater system and applied N. Experiments were conducted to quantify Pfp and the contributions of indigenous and applied N to the N efficiency of lowland rice systems. Enormous variation was found in the indigenous N supply among farmers' fields in two rice-growing domains of Central Luzon, Philippines. Fertilizer-N rates farmers applied to these fields also varied greatly, but there was no relationship between applied N rate and indigenous N supply estimated by rice N uptake. Likewise, in the same treatment plots of a long-term experiment, season-to-season variation in the contributions of indigenous and applied N were large and reflected differences in yield and N uptake in plots without applied N. These results indicate that the ability to adjust the quantity of applied N in relation to variation in the indigenous N supply is as important to increased Pfp as are the timing, placement and source of applied N. We conclude that the indigenous N supply of lowland rice systems is highly variable among fields with similar soil types and in the same field over time, that field-specific N management is required to respond to this variability, and that Pfp is a useful parameter for identifying constraints to improved fertilizer-N-use efficiency in farmers' fields. |
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