基于市政综合监管信息的城市生态系统复杂性分析

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,城市结构日趋复杂,人类活动对生态系统过程和功能的干扰愈发严重,使城市生态系统更加的复杂.城市生态系统是城市居民与其环境相互作用而形成的统一整体,也是人类对自然环境的适应、加工、改造而建设起来的特殊的人工生态系统.城市生态系统的复杂性不但直接体现在其自然、经济和社会三个子系统的结构和过程中,也通过许多市政综合管理要素和对象呈现出来.通过对北京市东城区2009年6月至11月的城市综合监管信息平台立案数据的归类分析,结合东城区地形图和专题图矢量数据,从公用设施类、道路交通类、市容环境类、园林绿化类、房屋土地类、其他设施等因素,分析了东城区城市生态系统及其人类活动的相互关系.把从市政管理信息中提取出的城市管理部件问题与城市生态系统的水、土、气、噪声、视觉污染和固体废弃物等关键要素进行关联分析.通过挖掘东城区生态系统在组成和空间分布上的复杂性和规律性,阐明东城区城市生态系统与人类活动时空关系的复杂性,以期为城市生态系统管理提供借鉴.

Urban ecosystem complexity: an analysis based on urban municipal supervision and management information system

China is undergoing an intensive urbanization process characterized by a more complex urban structure and increasingly severe anthropogenic disturbance to urban ecological processes and functions. Urban ecosystem is both a unity of human-environmental interactions, and a special artificial ecosystem constructed by human adaption, processing and transformation of the natural environment. The complexity of the urban ecosystem is based not only on the complex structure and process of the natural, economic and social subsystems, but also in different features and processes of municipal management. Thus, a healthy urban ecosystem will help to achieve the coordinated development of the city, economy and environment, and vice versa. In this study, we first classified the data derived from the grid-based digital urban municipal supervision and management system of Dongcheng District, Beijing. Then, combined with the information extracted from topographic and thematic maps of this area, we analysed urban ecosystem characteristics of Dongcheng District and its relationships with human activities from two points of view. Taking a municipal supervision and management point of view, we extracted data from municipal supervision and management information and classified the management component problems into public facilities, transportation, city appearance, landscaping, building land and other factors. From an urban environmental management point of view, the extracted data were classified into seven categories according to urban environmental function: water, soil, air, noise, light pollution, waste, and ecological degradation. Then, we combined the analysis of urban environmental management components problems and urban environmental management using data from the urban municipal supervision and management information system. Finally, we explored the complexity and regularity of the composition and spatial distribution of the urban ecosystem in Dongcheng District, in an attempt to clarify the complex relationship between urban ecosystem and human activities in this area to provide references for management of the urban ecosystem.