利用RAPD分子标记技术研究芸芥（Eruca Mill.）的遗传多样性

【目的】研究不同来源的芸芥材料的遗传多样性和它们之间的亲缘关系，以便对其进行有效、科学的利用。【方法】利用RAPD分子标记技术对来源于欧洲、非洲和亚洲的30份代表性的芸芥(Eruca Mill.)材料进行遗传多样性分析，根据遗传相似系数计算不同材料RAPD数据的遗传距离矩阵，按UPGMA方法对研究材料进行聚类。【结果】不同芸芥亚种间表现出比较大的多态性，47个引物共扩增出486条DNA带，其中432条表现出多态性，占总带数的89.0%，来源不同的材料有各自的特征带。30个材料的遗传距离在0.1036～0.4511之间。【结论】聚类分析表明，在遗传距离为0.1452处，30个材料可分为7个类群，其中来源于中国的材料为一独立的类群，来源于西班牙及其他国家地区的材料分属另外6个不同的类群。芸芥起源中心的西班牙及其毗邻地区的芸芥的遗传多样性最为丰富，而中国可能是芸芥的次生演化中心。

Genetic Diversity of Yunjie (Eruca Mill.) Accessions Revealed by RAPD Marker

【Objective】The studies of genetic diversity of Yunjie (E. Mill.) accessions and relationships among them are essential for the utilization of them. 【Method】Polymorphism of entire genome of thirty cultivars from Europe, Africa and Asia representing different Yunjie-growing ecotypes was assessed by analyses of RAPD makers. 【Result】Yunjie have abundant polymorphism. Forty-seven out of seventy-four tested random decamer primers were able to identify 486 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivas. Of them 432 bands, or 89.0% of the total were polymophic. Every group of Yunjie accessions had their characteristic DNA bands. Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means（UPGMA）suggested that the 30 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into seven groups, Chinese Yunjie become a group independently and Spain Yunjie belongs to other six different groups. 【Conclusion】The study shows that Spain is richer in Yunjie germplasm diversity than other regions, which is in good agreement with the opinion that west Mediterranean is the origin center and diversity center of Yunjie. The result suggests that China is the second evaluation center of Yunjie.