大豆长花序短果枝株型性状的利用研究Ⅶ.地理远缘杂交大豆F3、F4代短果枝性状的遗传规律初探

选用辽宁省育成大豆品种铁丰27号和沈农6号与美国俄亥俄州育成大豆品种OhioFG1和HS97—4534作亲本，配成正反交4个杂交组合，探讨了短果枝性状的遗传情况。结果表明：不同组合正反交F3、F4代中短果枝上的每荚粒数有所不同，以高值亲本作母本高于用低值亲本作母本的，这说明短果枝上每荚粒数的遗传是细胞质遗传，且F4代结果大于F3代。以短果枝荚数和粒数多的材料做母本，其F3和F4代的短果枝荚数和粒数也较高。说明，在利用短果枝性状时，配置杂交组合应以短果枝荚数和粒数较多的试材做母本。亲本沈农6号是多短果枝品种，其短果枝粒重率高达22．87％，以它为母本与美国的OhioFG1杂交，其F4代中短果枝的粒重率也高达到7．21％。

Utilization of Soybean Germplasm with Plant-type of Long Floral Axis and Short Pod-branch Ⅶ. Studies on Genetics of Short pod-branch in F3,F4 Generations of Geographical Distant Varieties of Soybeans

In 1999,using the soybean varieties developed in Liaonig, China and Ohio ,USA,the reciprocal crosses were made. In the F3,F4 generations,the inheritance of short pod-branch traits were analysed. The results indicated that the seeds per pod were different in the F3, F4 generations from reciprocal crosses, if the variety with high seeds per pod were used as female, the offspring would have high value too, which meant that the inheritance of seeds per pod was cytoplasmic inheritance, also the value of F4 was bigger than F3 generation. If using the varieties with more pods and seeds at short pod-branch as female, the F3 and F4 generations would have more pods and seeds at their short pod-branch, so in the utilization of short pod-branch,the variety with better short pod-branch traits should be used as the female to make cross. Shennong 6 was with good short pod-branch traits, as it was crossed with OhioFGx, the seed rate in short podbranch was as high as 7.21% in F4 generation.