| 中国冬小麦施肥历史演变及阶段特征研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 谭德水,刘兆辉,江丽华. 中国冬小麦施肥历史演变及阶段特征研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(12): 13-19. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040115 |
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| 作者姓名： | 谭德水 刘兆辉 江丽华 |
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| 作者单位： | (山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,济南 250100） |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项“主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范”(201303103)，“主要粮食作物氮素化肥高效利用技术研究与示范”(201203079)；山东省科技发展计划项目“山东省小麦一次性施肥产品研发与应用技术研究”(2014GNC112003)；国家小麦产业技术体系“施肥技术岗位科学家”项目(CARS-03)；山东省泰山学者“农业面源污染防控”岗位。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了对今后中国小麦施肥进行决策导向和科学指导，本研究总结了建国以来中国冬小麦生产发展历程，从阶段产量、面积及相应栽培措施对6个发展阶段进行了相应阐述；重点分析了建国以后冬小麦施肥阶段划分（共划分为7个阶段）、有机肥与化肥施用的阶段特征，并以代表性地区进行了大样本数据说明；特别剖析了2009年以来的现阶段施肥特点、产量效率及生产存在的问题。文末针对当前小麦生产方式与格局的变化，列举了小麦施肥方面的新技术、新方法等重点研究领域，提出了展望。
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| 关 键 词： | 城市化 城市化 相对湿度 干岛效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-04-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016-04-07 |
Fertilization History Evolution and Stage Characteristics of Winter Wheat in China |
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| Tan Deshui,Liu Zhaohui and Jiang Lihua. Fertilization History Evolution and Stage Characteristics of Winter Wheat in China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2016, 32(12): 13-19. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040115 |
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| Authors: | Tan Deshui Liu Zhaohui Jiang Lihua |
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| Affiliation: | (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Jinan 250100) |
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| Abstract: | In order to obtain the decision-making and scientific guidance for wheat fertilization in the future, the development of winter wheat production since 1949 was summarized and divided into 6 stages, and the stage yield, production area and the corresponding cultivation measures in each period were expounded. The winter wheat fertilization scheme since 1949 was divided into 7 stages, and the characteristics of organic fertilizer application and chemical fertilizer application of each stage were analyzed, and large sample data of the representative areas were illustrated. Stage characteristics of fertilization, production efficiency and problems in winter wheat production since 2009 were particularly analyzed. At present, aiming at the changes of wheat production pattern, key research fields such as new methods and new techniques of fertilization were put forward. |
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| Keywords: | winter wheat historical evolution fertilization characteristic prospect |
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