瘿木成因及树种调查

瘿木是制作家具、工艺品的珍贵木材, 装饰性强, 商业价值高。文中通过调查可形成瘿木的树种及成因、材质特点及利用现状, 对瘿木的研究与利用进行了展望。调查发现有32科52属100余种瘿木树种, 树种丰富; 根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumfaciens、真菌、冻伤和林火等可使树木结瘤, 根癌农杆菌和冻伤使树木结瘤的过程都与树木形成层细胞的基因变异有关。目前已知几种瘿木的密度、尺寸稳定性和断裂能较正常材高; 几种瘿木木质素含量增加, 纤维素含量降低, 多种抽提物含量增加, 细胞形态变异。文中认为人工培育瘿木可尝试选择树龄较大的林木, 以真菌或细菌病原接种、低温刺激及火烧等方法促进其结瘤。

Investigation of Factors to Burl Wood and Their Species

Burl wood is a precious material for furniture and handicrafts manufacturing with rich high decoration and commercial value. The paper investigated the species, forming factors, chemical and physical properties and utilization status of burl wood, and prospected its research and utilization. The results showed that burl wood had rich species and there were more than 100 species from 50 genus and 32 families, Agrobacterium tumfaciens and several fungus were etiology of many burl wood species, and low temperature and fire could induced burl wood, but burl formation caused by A. tumfaciens and low temperature was related to genetic variation of tree cambium cells. Density, dimension stability and fracture energy of some species of burl wood were higher than those of normal wood; in some burl wood, the lignin content increased, the cellulose content decreased, the multiple extractives increased, and the cellular shape changed. The conclusion included that aged trees could be selected for artificial cultivation of burl wood by means of inoculating with fungi and bacterium or simulating by low temperature or fires.