基于风蚀模型的河北省土壤风蚀风险评价

目的]对河北省空间范围开展土壤风蚀风险评价研究,以期为研究区基于土壤风蚀的土地退化和大气污染防治提供科学依据。方法]在遥感和地理信息系统技术的支持下,采用第一次全国水力普查中推荐的风蚀模型,对研究区2009年的土壤风蚀风险进行评价。结果]河北省土壤微度侵蚀面积所占比例最大,约占河北省总面积的65.36%,主要分布在河北平原、太行山地和冀北山地;其次为轻度侵蚀,约占河北省总面积的12.46%,主要分布在坝上高原和冀西北间山盆地;中强度侵蚀的风蚀面积最小,合计不足河北省总面积的0.1%,主要为分布在研究区北部的沙地类型;极强侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀没有分布。结论]河北省土壤风蚀强度呈现出明显的空间差异性,干燥,风速大,植被覆盖度低的冀西北地区风蚀强度最大,湿润、风速小、植被覆盖度高的冀东北地区风蚀强度最小,南部平原和太行山区风蚀强度中等。

Risk Assessment on Soil Wind Erosion in Hebei Province Based on Wind Erosion Model

Objective] A risk assessment on soil wind erosion throughout Hebei Province was conducted to provide some scientific bases for prevention of land degradation and air pollution induced by wind erosion. Methods] Based on the GIS and remote sensing, the soil wind erosion of Hebei Province in 2009 was evaluated using the wind erosion model recommend in the first national water survey. Results] The districts assessed at tiny erosion level accounted for 65.36% of Hebei Province, which were mainly distributed in Hebei plain, the Taihang and northern mountainous regions of Hebei Province. The districts with slight erosion were mostly distributed in Bashang plateau and the northwest basins of Hebei Province, covered 12.46% of the whole province. The moderate and strong wind erosion had the smallest area with less than 0.1% coverage throughout Hebei Province, these districts located at the sandy areas of the Northern Hebei Province. No extra-strong and severe erosion in Hebei Province were found. Conclusion] Wind erosion in Hebei Province had obvious spatial variation, comparating with the highest erosion in the northwest part, moderate level in the southern area and lowest level in the northeast part of the province.