大豆生殖生长期根系形态性状与产量关系研究

以稳定的大豆新品系进行连续2年的生殖生长期根系形态性状的比较研究.结果表明,生殖生长期根系形态性状存在较明显的基因型差异,尤其在R5期后,产量较高的海-560的根系生物量、根体积和根长均大于观-009;施肥有效地促进根系生长,降水较多的年份土壤中的根系密度较高,施肥增强这种趋势,尤以0～30 cm内的土层显著;根系性状与产量间存在显著的相关关系,其中根长与产量的关系更为密切.在雨养农业中,选育根系强大的品种,并根据气候变化因地制宜的科学施肥,协调水肥关系,提高水分及养分利用率,对于提高作物产量是十分必要的.

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROOT MORPHOLOGY DURING REPRODUCTIVE STAGE AND YIELD IN SOYBEAN

Using soybean lines that had been stable in genetic background, a compare experiment on root morphology during reproductive stage was conducted for two years. The results showed that there was difference on root morphological characteristics in two genetic types, especially after R5 stage, the root bi-omass, root volume and root length of high yielding line Hai-560 were higher than that of Guan-009; fertilizer improved root growth and root density in soil was high in large rainfall year, which fertilizer application enhanced this trend as well, especially in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer; there was significant relationship between yield and root traits, among which root length had closer relation with yield. In rain-fed agriculture, breeding strong-root soybean cultivar and adjusting fertilizer application with climate change and local conditions was quite necessary for regulating the relationship between water and fertilizer and increasing use efficiency of water and nutrients to obtain high yield.