中国土壤侵蚀研究重大成就及未来关键领域

目的] 回顾中国土壤侵蚀研究的发展历程,总结该领域的重大研究成果，分析其现阶段存在的问题及未来关键研究领域，旨在为中国水土保持及区域生态建设与绿色高质量发展提供参考。方法] 基于多年的土壤侵蚀研究野外调查和学术研究工作经验，对中国土壤侵蚀的有关重大问题进行了长期思考。经过多次学术研讨，并与同行权威专家进行了交流和探讨。结果] 中国土壤侵蚀研究领域近百年来取得了一系列重大研究成果，也存在着一些不足和问题。中国土壤侵蚀研究未来应从土壤侵蚀预报模型完善推广及精度评价，坡面径流计算方法及模型构建，人工模拟降雨试验和水槽试验结果的代表性及真实性评价等方面开展重点研究，并关注土壤侵蚀过程机理、模型应用、技术方法、响应评价、瓶颈问题等议题的研究。结论] 近百年来的研究实践证明，中国土壤侵蚀研究只有立足于国情，根据中国土壤侵蚀特点、研究现状及社会需求的变化确定和调整研究方向，才有可能取得标志性成果。同时，在国家大力推行生态文明建设的新时代，土壤侵蚀研究也要调整思路和研究重点。此外，水土保持工作还应与国家乡村振兴和生态建设相结合，以先预防，少扰动为主，改变过去先破坏再治理的模式。

Major Achievements and Future Key Fields of Soil Erosion Research in China

Objective] The developing history of soil erosion research in China was reviewed, the major research achievements were summarized, and the current problems and key research fields in the future were analyzed to provide a reference for China''s soil and water conservation, regional ecological construction, and high-quality green development.Methods] Based on years of work experiences from field investigations and academic research on soil erosion, long-term consideration has been given to major issues related to soil erosion in China through numerous academic discussions and communications with leading experts.Results] A series of major research achievements have been obtained in the field of soil erosion in China during the last one hundred years, but there have also some drawbacks and problems. In the future, soil erosion research in China should focus on several key fields, such as the improvement, promotion, and accuracy evaluation of soil erosion prediction models; calculation methods and model construction for slope runoff; evaluation of the representativeness and validity of results from simulated rainfall and flume scouring experiments; and so on. More attention should be given to the mechanisms of soil erosion processes, model applications, technical methods, response evaluations, bottleneck problems, and other issues.Conclusion] Researches over the past century has shown that soil erosion research should be conducted based on national conditions. Symbolic achievements could only be achieved by determining and adjusting research directions according to the characteristics of soil erosion, the research status, and the changes in social demands in China. Meanwhile, in the new era when the country is vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization, soil erosion research must be refreshed with new ideas and emphases. Moreover, soil and water conservation practices should also be integrated with rural revitalization and ecological construction by giving priority to soil erosion prevention and reducing disturbance to soil. Besides, we should change the previously used model of instituting laws and regulations after soil destruction and water loss occurred.