内蒙古农田耕层土壤地膜残留现状及发展趋势

为评估内蒙古农田地膜残留污染现状，本研究于2021年4月选择内蒙古覆膜年限为1~40 a的10个旗县的30个农田地膜残留监测点为研究对象，对各监测点农田耕层土壤地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素进行调查研究。结果表明：内蒙古耕地耕层（0~30 cm）土壤平均地膜残留量已高于我国农田残留量限值，且3个区域残留量差异明显，表现为北方高原山地区>东北湿润平原地区>西北干旱半干旱平原区；农户的回收意识更加影响农田残膜量；土壤残膜主要集中在0~10 cm土层中，且表现为随覆膜年限增加，0~10 cm土层中的残膜含量比例减少，10~30 cm的土层残膜含量比例随覆膜年限增加而增加；随着种植年限的增加，小面积残膜量（<4 cm²）在深层土壤不断增加。研究表明，内蒙古农田残膜污染较为严重，10 cm以下土层中的残膜量和碎片化呈加重趋势，应加强地膜回收、生物降解膜替代等措施，以缓解区域作物种植体系中残膜污染问题。

Current scenario and future trends of plastic film residue in farmland topsoil in Inner Mongolia,China

To evaluate the current situation of farmland plastic film residue pollution in Inner Mongolia and provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control, and treatment of farmland plastic film pollution, in April 2021, 30 farmland plastic film residue monitoring points in 10 banners and counties with a history of film covering usage of 1~40 years were selected. The distribution characteristics and influencing factors of farmland plastic film residue in each monitoring point were determined. The average residue of plastic film in the cultivated layer (0~30 cm)of Inner Mongolia has been higher than the limit of farmland residue in China, and the difference in residue in the three regions is noticeable, indicating that plastic residues in the northern plateau and mountain region were highest, followed by the northeast humid, northwest arid, and semi-arid plain regions. Farmers'' awareness of recycling has a considerable impact on the amount of residual film in farmland. Additionally, residual soil film is mainly concentrated in the 0~10 cm soil layer, and the proportion of residual film in the 0~10 cm soil layer decreases with the increase of film covering years. The content of residual film in the 10~30 cm soil layer increases with the increase of film covering years. With the increase of planting years, the amount of residual film(<4 cm²)in a small area increases in deep soil. The residual film pollution of farmland in Inner Mongolia is concerning, and the amount and fragmentation of residual film in the soil layer below 10 cm is increasing. Measures such as plastic film recovery and biodegradable film replacement should be strengthened to alleviate the residual film pollution in the regional crop planting system.