阿月浑子快速建园技术研究初报

以阿月浑子种子为试材,研究不同层积处理时间对种子发芽的影响,探讨阿月浑子直播、小营养钵移栽、大营养袋移栽3种建园方式对苗木生长及嫁接成园的影响,提出适合于南疆地区的阿月浑子快速建园方式和技术操作要点。结果表明,阿月浑子种子层积40d的发芽率可达90%以上,延长层积时间能够促进未开裂种子开裂发芽。3种建园方式中,直播建园具有操作简便、建园成本低等优点。同时直播建园和小营养钵移栽建园方式的苗木成活率、嫁接成苗率都较大营养袋移栽建园方式更高。以阿月浑子快速建园为目标,实际生产中以直播建园为主,配合小营养钵移栽补苗的方式为最佳建园方式。

Preliminary Study on the Rapid Establishing Orchard Technique of Pistachio (Pistacia vera)

Using pistachio seeds as the experimental materials,the effects of different stratification time on seed germination were studied and the influence of three orchard establishing methods direct seeding,small nutrition pot transplanting and large nutrition pot transplanting on seedling growth and grafting were investigated,then the methods and major technologies of rapid establishing pistachio orchard which was suitable for the area of southern Xinjiang was developed.The results showed that pistachio seed germination rate reached more than 90% when stratification time reached 40 days,prolonged stratification time can stimulate the non-split seeds splitting and germinating.In three methods of establishing orchard,direct seeding showed advantages of simple operation,low cost in orchard establishment.Meanwhile,the seedling survival rate,grafted seedling rate of direct seeding and small nutrition pot transplanting were higher than large nutrition pot transplanting.As a goal of rapid establishing orchard of pistachio,in actual production,direct seeding primarily,coordinate small nutrition pot transplanting was the best recommendation.