同源四倍体水稻花药培养在育种中的应用

 同源四倍体水稻杂种花药离体培养所获得的1万余株H#-1花粉植株中，二倍体占74.4%-87.9%，四倍体占12.1%-22.6%，非整倍体占4.1%。H#-2花粉株系的整齐性与接种四倍体株所在的组合、株系的整齐度有关，即四倍体材料农艺性状相对整齐的，诱导出的花粉植株也比较整齐，反之则不整齐。花粉植株的农艺性状与接种四倍体母株相比，穗数、穗粒数二倍体比四倍体提高50%以上；结实率提高5.4%-34.5%；单株粒重提高30%以上；株高有增有减；千粒重下降50%左右。有些由四倍体诱导的二倍体材料仍能保持四倍体蛋白质含量的特点。经品比试验，由四倍体花培所获得的部分优良二倍体品系已达到了北京地区推广品种的水平。

STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF ANTHER CULTURE OF AUTOTETRAPLOID RICE IN BREEDING

Among the over 10000H_1 pollen plants derived from in vitro anther culture of autotetraploid bybrid rice, 74.4%-87.9% of which are diploid, 12.1%-22.6% are tetraploid, and 4.1% are aneuploid. The uniformity of H_2 pollen plants is related to the combinations of tetrapioid plants and their uniformity, namely, if the agronomic characters of tetraploid materials are relatively uniform, the derived anther plants are also uniform, otherwise are not. Comparing the agronomic characters of pollen plants with those of the mother plants of tetraploid, the number of spike and of grain per spike of diploid is 50% higher than that of tetraploid; the seed setting percentage is increaced by 5.4%-34.5% and the grain weight per plant is over 30% higher; the plant height is increased or reduced; thoussnd-grain weight is decreased by 50%. Some diploid plants derived from tetraploid still possess the characters of high protein content that the tetraploid possesses. Through the experimental comparison of varieties, the characters of part of the good diploid lines derived from tetraploid by anther culture have reached the level of the recommended varieties in Beijing area.