黄河6条支流域非点源污染分布现状

对黄河流域6条支流域的土壤、河床泥沙、河流水体的非点源污染物荷载量进行了测定。结果表明,在黄河6条支流域土壤中,洛河流域硝态氮含量高达45.2 m g/kg,远高于其他流域;渭河、洛河、泾河流域土壤的铵态氮、有机质、全氮和全磷含量均高于无定河、窟野河、皇甫川流域,其中洛河流域土壤铵态氮含量最高,窟野河流域最低;无定河、窟野河、皇甫川流域土壤pH值高于渭河、洛河、泾河流域。各流域泥沙中硝态氮含量以渭河中的最高,并远高于其他河流;皇甫川流域泥沙中铵态氮含量最高,其次是泾河流域,窟野河流域最低;与土壤相比较,6条支流域泥沙中的铵态氮含量明显高于土壤,硝态氮含量明显低于土壤。渭河和泾河流域泥沙中的全氮含量差异较小,但均高于其余4条支流域。流域泥沙中全磷含量总体差异不大;泥沙中的有机质含量由高到低依次为:窟野河流域>泾河流域>渭河流域>洛河流域>皇甫川流域>无定河流域;窟野河流域泥沙中的硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和全氮含量在6条流域泥沙中都是最低的,但有机质含量在6条河流中却最高。水体中pH值以无定河流域的最大,渭河流域水体最小;渭河流域水体硝态氮含量最高;铵态氮含量以泾河水体中最高,窟野河最低;泾河水体的高锰酸盐指数远高于其他河流;6条河流水体的COD指数与高锰酸盐指数在6条河流中的差异趋势基本一致。

The distribution of non-point source pollution in Yellow River catchment

Six typical model of Yellow River(Weihe River,Jinghe River,Luohe River,Wuding River,Kuye River,Huangpuchuan River) were chosen to hold the nonpoint pollutant load and occurrence condition of Yellow River,to provide the dependable basis of the mechanism of non-point source pollution of Yellow River.Samples of the top 0-20 cm of stream-bed sediments and soil were collected during 2004 to 2005,along these tributaries.At the same time,stream water samples were collected at each of the six watersheds.The pH,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,organic matter of the stream-bed sediment,and the pH,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,COD,permanganate number index of water samples in the six typical modes were measured.According to the research we can know the non-point pollution load in the water and sediment of the six typical model of yellow river:In the soil of the six watersheds,the contents of nitrate nitrogen of Luohe River watershed are more than those of other watersheds.Weihe River,Luohe River and Jinghe River watershed contain more ammonium nitrogen,organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus than Wuding River,Kuye River and Huangpuchuan River watershed,especially the ammonium nitrogen of Luohe River watershed is maximal.But the soil pH of Wuding River,Kuye River and Huangpuchuan River watershed is higher than that of the other watersheds.In the six river sediment,the contents of nitrate nitrogen of Weihe River is more than other rivers.The contents of ammonium nitrogen in the six river sediment,Weihe River sediment is the highest,next is Jinghe River sediment and Kuye River sediment is the lowest.The ammonium contents of the six river sediment are obviously higher than that of the six river watershed soil,but the nitrate nitrogen is contrary.The contents of total nitrogen in Weihe River and Jinghe River sediment have little difference,but higher than the other river sediment.The content of phosphorus in Jing river sediment is the highest and in Kuye River sediment is the least.The change of content of organic matter in sediment is:Kuye River sediment>Jing river sediment>Wei river sediment>Luo river sedient>Huangfuchuan sediment>Wuding river sediment.In the water,the pH of Wuding River is the highest,and Wei river is the least.The content of nitrate nitrogen in Wei river is higher than others.The content of ammonium nitrogen in Jing river is highest but in Kuye river it is the least.Permanganate number index of Jing river is much higher than those of other rivers.The COD and permanganate number index of water samples in the six typical river bodies have similar changes.