转Bt基因作物对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力影响的研究进展

随着转Bt基因作物种植面积的逐年增加,人们对转基因作物释放后潜在的安全性也越来越关注。转Bt基因作物可以通过根系分泌或植株残体的形式将Bt蛋白释放到土壤中,残留的Bt蛋白在富集的过程中有可能对土壤生态环境中的土壤酶活性及土壤肥力等造成影响,但这些影响作用因不同的Bt作物和不同的土壤环境而不尽相同。商业化转Bt基因作物的大规模环境释放对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的可能影响仍需要在不同生态区开展长期定位检测和评价。本文对转Bt基因作物的发展及其种植和秸秆降解过程中对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力影响的研究进展进行述评,为转Bt基因作物对土壤环境的生态风险评价提供参考。

Advances in Research on Effects of Transgenic Bt Crops on Soil Enzyme Activities and Fertility

With the increase of planting area of transgenic Bt crops year by year,people paid more and more attention to the potential safety of transgenic crops release.Bt protein could be released into soil by transgenic Bt crops through plant residues and root exudates,and its enrichment could affect the enzyme activities and fertility of soil.But the influence was uncertain with different Bt crops and soil conditions.Future observation and research should be conducted in a long term on the effects of commercialized Bt crops on soil enzyme activities and soil fertility.In this paper,the advances in research on development of transgenic Bt crops and the influences of their cultivation and straw decomposition on soil enzyme activities and fertility were reviewed to provide reference for ecological assessment of transgenic Bt crops to soil environment.