宁夏灌区春小麦高产磷肥施用增产效果研究

宁夏灌区土壤多为灌淤土和淡灰钙土，磷肥施用受Ca、Mg离子的束缚，易被固定成难溶性磷酸盐，从而影响到作物产量及磷肥当年利用效率。本文在高磷（速效P 42.8mg/kg）和低磷（速效P 6.55mg/kg）的不同土壤上，分别进行了春小麦磷肥（P2O5）施量0–330kg/hm2的回归试验。其结果得出：在低磷土壤上，磷肥（P2O5）施量（x,kg/hm2）与春小麦产量(Y, kg/hm2)的回归方程为：Y=4072.1+5.014x+0.1296x2-0.0003133x3,增产效果极显著；而在高磷土壤上磷肥增产效果不显著。磷肥施量在0-240 kg/hm2的施用范围内，低磷土壤有显著的投入产出效益，试验投入产出效益为10-24元/元（小麦价格2.1元/kg,磷肥P2O5价格8.61元/kg），最高投入产出效益对应的磷肥施量为135 kg/hm2。因此针对宁夏灌区土壤肥力，提出了中低产田春小麦高产的推荐施磷方案以及高肥力土壤条件下小麦磷肥的施肥建议，可结合耕翻深施磷肥或磷肥、有机肥混合施，改善土壤PH值及微生物活性，提高磷肥肥效。

Studies on Phosphorus Yield-Increasing Effect of Spring Wheat for High Yield in Ningxia Irrigation Area

Applying phosphorus was easily bounded by Ca+ 2 and Mg+ 2 and formed as insoluble phosphate in Ningxia Irrigation Area because the soil was classed as irrigation-silting soil and/or light sierozem, consequently the crop yield and P Use Effect were influenced greatly. In this paper, experiments were carried on different fields with high phosphorus level (available P, 42.8 mg/kg) and low phosphorus level (available P, 6.55 mg/kg) by applying phosphorus from 0 to 330 kg/hm2 and divided into twelve treatments w...