自制快速响应能见度仪特性及应用研究

介绍了自制快速响应能见度仪的测量原理和研制过程,并将其与FD12型能见度仪进行比对试验。同时,利用2004年10月至2005年3月自动气象站的观测资料,讨论了北京城北地区秋冬季能见度的演变特征以及与相对湿度、风速和温度等气象要素的关系。结果表明,自制能见度仪能够反映能见度的变化趋势,数据对比结果良好,可用于能见度的测量,其频率响应可以达到1Hz以上,适合用于大气能见度及相关探测的快速响应要求;北京城北地区大气能见度分别与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与风速呈明显正相关,气温通过相对湿度和大气稳定度可以间接影响能见度;大风、大雾等天气现象对能见度有着重要的影响。

Fast-Response Characteristics and Application of Self-Developed Visibility Meter

The measuring principle and development process of a self-developed visibility meter was introduced,and it observational results were compared with those of FD12 visibility meter.The observational data of the Automatic Weather Station of Peking University from October 2004 to March 2005 were used to reveal the evolution characteristics of visibility in northern Beijing during autumn and winter as well as the relationships between visibility and other meteorological elements such as relative humidity,wind speed and temperature.The results indicated that the self-developed visibility meter reflected variation of visibility,and good comparison results showed that it has a frequency of more than 1 HZ and can be applied in visibility measurements.It can meet the requirements of fast response for detection of atmospheric visibility.In northern Beijing,visibility was significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity but positively correlated with wind speed.Temperature effected visibility indirectly by changing relative humidity and atmospheric stability.Gale and sense fog had important effects on visibility.