茶园套种牧草对作物产量及土壤基本肥力的影响

我国关于茶园生草和低层套(间)种研究起步很晚且报道甚少,有必要深入研究适宜我国茶园推广应用的低层茶草套(间)种模式。通过3年的田间小区试验,以不套种任何牧草处理为对照,研究了3种不同牧草百喜草(Paspalum natatu)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、平托花生(Arachis pintoi)]套种模式对茶青和鲜草产量及其茶园土壤基本肥力的影响。结果表明:3种不同牧草套种模式比对照提高茶青产量6.48%~20.26%,并收获鲜草产量1 352~4 023 kg·hm?2·a?1;3年来逐年减少茶园表土流失厚度幅度分别为25.0%~30.6%、33.3%~38.9%和53.3%~60.0%,并提高茶园土壤pH 9.64%~11.76%、有机质8.23%~76.13%、全氮13.59%~245.63%、全磷3.41%~210.51%、全钾1.37%~9.65%、碱解氮69.63%~109.33%和速效磷11.40%~34.20%;其中,茶园套种白三叶和套种平托花生处理对提高茶叶产量和茶园土壤基本肥力的效果相对更佳,值得在生产上进一步推广应用。

Effects of inter-planting forage with tea on yield and soil fertility

Studies on low-layer forage inter-planting with tea plants in China have been relatively late and considered less significant in classical research. Low-layer inter-planting models of forages in tea gardens are needed for in-deep understanding of economically viable forage-tea production. Comparison of none-forage interplant model in a field trial with three types of forages (bahiasgrass, white clover and amarillo) inter-planting in tea gardens for 3 years was carried out to determine the effects of tea yield and basic soil fertility. The results of the study showed that the three types of interplant models increased tea yield by 6.48%-20.26% and harvested fresh forage by 1 352-4 023 kg·hm^-2·a^-1. Compared with the first year of the experiment, the decreasing ranges of loss thickness of surface soil in tea gardens over the three years of experiment were respectively 25.0%-30.6%, 33.3%-38.9% and 53.3%-60.0%. Furthermore, basic soil fertility improved by three years of forage inter-planting. For example, soil fertility indexes of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus increased respectively by 9.64%-11.76%, 8.23%-76.13%, 13.59%-245.63%, 3.41%-210.51%, 1.37%-9.65%, 69.63%-109.33% and 11.40%-34.20%. The results of the study also showed that inter-planting white clover or amarillo in tea gardens were better than inter-planting bahiasgrass in terms of increased tea yield or improved basic soil fertility. The two types of forages were worthy of widespread inter-planting modes in tea gardens in the study area and beyond.