储水灌溉及覆膜对土壤水分及小麦出苗的影响

对不同储水灌溉定额和覆膜时期的研究结果表明,储水灌溉可增加0～120cm土层土壤贮水量,适度降低储水灌溉定额,对播种期和出苗期0～10cm土层土壤含水率影响不明显,头水期0～40cm土层土壤含水率与对照之间的差异不显著,春小麦出苗率提高;及早覆膜,有利于提高播种期和出苗期0～10cm土层、头水期0～40cm土层土壤含水率,以及播种至三叶期0～25cm土层地温。春小麦全膜覆土穴播栽培的适宜储水灌溉定额为600m3/hm2,覆膜时期为储水灌溉前覆膜,与对照相比,播种期及出苗期0～10cm土层土壤含水率分别提高7.36%和8.29%,头水期0～40cm土层土壤含水率提高2.78%,基本苗及出苗率分别增加26.34万株/hm2和5.44%,节水900m3/hm2。

Effects of Storage Irrigation Quota and Plastic Film Mulching Time on Soil Water Content and Spring Wheat Emergence

The water-saving cultivation techniques of whole plastic film and soil mulched and hole planted for spring wheat which effectively compensated the defect of sowing and wasted time and labor to draw out plant for the technique of plastic film mulching wheat.It has the important significance to push the development of spring wheat production in drought irrigated area.the study of different storage irrigation quota and plastic film mulching time showed: the storage irrigation could add the water quantity which stored in 0~120 cm soil layer.Reduced the storage irrigation quota moderately,there is no obvious effect on soil water content of 0~10 cm layer at the stage of sowing and emergence,compared with CK,the difference of 0~40 cm layer soil water content before first irrigation is not significant,the spring wheat emergence rate increased,mulched the plastic film early,which is advantaged to improve 0~10 cm layer soil water content at the stage of sowing and emergence,to improve the 0~40 cm layer soil water content and increase 0~25 cm layer soil temperature from sowing to three-leaf stage.For water-saving cultivation of whole plastic film and soil mulched and hole planted for spring wheat,the suitable storage water quota is 600 m3/hm2,and the suitable time of mulching plastic film is the stage before storage irrigation.Compared with CK,the soil water content of 0~10 cm layer at the stage of sowing and emergence increased 7.36% and 8.29% respectively,the soil water content of 0~40 cm layer before first irrigation increased 2.78%,the basic seedling and emergence rate increased 26.34×104 plants/hm2 and 5.44% respectively,and saved water 900 m3/hm2.