Pathogenesis of naturally acquired bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection in calves: evidence for the involvement of complement and mast cell mediators

Indicators of immune-mediated disease were studied in calves with severe natural bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Although antigen and antibody were detected concurrently in most calves, immune complexes were not detected by use of immunofluorescence, ELISA, and binding of the 1q component of complement. Complement component C3, however, was observed by immunofluorescence in the cranioventral, virus-infected portion of the lungs of 19 of 25 calves. Reductions in the amount of histamine and in the numbers of mast cells and mast cell granules in the virus-positive cranioventral and virus-negative caudodorsal portions of the lungs, indicated activation of mast cells and liberation of their granule contents. On the basis of these and previous findings, a model for the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus-induced disease was proposed.