利用花青素基因标记研究正反交对玉米杂交种主要性状的影响

以转花青素合成转录因子Bi和Cl基因玉米的稳定表达株系与自交系B73-329(CK)进行杂交,研究花青素基因在玉米杂种F_1植株组织、器官中表达情况。结果表明,用转基因株系作为母本的杂交种F_1植株部分存在表型分离,用自交系B73-329作为母本的杂交种F_1植株不存在表型分离。转基因杂交种F_1植株,颖紫色,苞叶、茎鞘紫色,气生根紫色,与CK差异显著;转基因杂交种F_1植株叶片为绿色,转基因株系自交分离群体株系的叶片为紫色;转基因杂交种F_1植株绝大部分花丝为黄色,个别花丝红色,子粒绝大部分为黄色。抽丝、散粉期,转基因杂交种株高、穗位高等农艺性状与对照差异不显著,但是大部分产量显著低于对照,推测其主要原因在于花青素合成途径的引入导致植株能量代谢损耗所致。研究表明,转基因玉米杂交制种应用应以转基因株系作为父本。

Using Anthocyanins as the Gene Marker to Study Effect of Reciprocal Crosses on Main Characters of Maize Hybrids

Aiming to study the expression state of anthocyanin metabolic regulation gene Bi and Cl in tissues and organ of transgenic maize hybrids, T1 generation different character transgenic maize isolates from using anthocyanins as the gene marker were crossed with maize inbred lines B73-329(CK), classification was conducted with five plant types. The result showed that, characteristic segregation was appeared in F₁ hybrid population using transgenic maize isolates as female parent, in contrast no segregation was appeared in F₁ hybrid population using maize inbred lines B73-329 as female parent. Phenotype of F₁ hybrid plants were the same with purple glume, purple husk, purple sheath and purple aerial root, which were different from CK; leaves of F₁ hybrids were green which were different from some leaf-purple T1 selfing generation transgenic maize isolates; silkings of F₁ hybrids were yellow mostly, some were red, which were different from yellow silkings of CK and transgenic maize isolates; kernels of F₁ hybrid were yellow mostly. Silking days, anthering days, ear height, plant height were the same as CK. Yields of F₁ hybrids were mostly lower than CK, as energy expenditure take place due to the import of anthocyanin synthesis payhway. In conclusion, it''s better to use transgenic lines as male parent in the application of transgenic maize.