西南冷凉高地苹果园土壤养分状况分析

为了解我国西南地区冷凉高地苹果园土壤养分状况，对昭通市70个具有代表性的果园土壤进行实地取样研究，分析了昭通苹果园土壤养分存在的问题。结果表明：西南冷凉高地苹果园土壤整体呈酸性，有机质含量达到我国丰产优质果园水平；果园土壤大量营养元素氮、磷和钾含量比较丰富，中量元素交换性钙和交换性镁含量处于高量水平，微量元素有效铁、有效锌、有效铜和有效锰含量都存在过量现象，果园土壤养分之间易出现拮抗现象，且养分分布不均。生产实践中应加强测土配方施肥技术的研究与应用，充分利用丰富的土壤肥力资源，提高土壤养分利用率，从而为西南冷凉高地苹果提质增效，产业升级奠定基础。

Analysis on Soil Nutrients of Apple Orchards at Cold Highland in Southwest China

In order to understand soil nutrient status of different apple orchards in Cold Highland in Southwest China, 70 representative soil samples were collected from apple orchards and the problems of soil nutrients in Zhaotong apple orchards were studied. The results showed that the soil of apple orchards in Cold Highland was generally acidic and organic matter content reached the level of high quality orchard. The soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were sufficient, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were high, the ferric iron, zinc, copper and manganese contents were excessive. Soil nutrients in Orchards can easily become antagonistic and unevenly distributed. The research and application of soil testing and fertilization techniques should be strengthened in production practice, make full use of rich soil fertility resources and improve soil nutrient utilization, so as to provide the foundation for apple quality enhancement and industrial upgrading in Cold Highland.