迷迭香释放挥发性有机物的成分和变化规律研究

为探究迷迭香叶片和花瓣释放挥发性有机物的成分和变化规律，采用顶空-固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术，对迷迭香叶片不同季节释放的挥发性有机物和其花瓣中释放的挥发性有机物成分进行采集，分析叶片和花瓣中挥发性有机物的主要成分和相对含量。结果表明：不同季节迷迭香叶片释放的挥发性有机物共鉴定出43种，包括萜烯类、醇类、酮类和酯类等化合物，其中萜烯类化合物16种，醇类化合物9种，为迷迭香挥发物的主要成分；萜烯类化合物的相对含量呈现先上升后下降再上升的变化趋势，在6月份达到最高，为82.40%；醇类物质的相对含量呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势。迷迭香叶片释放的挥发性有机物的种类的年变化呈现先增加后减少的趋势；其中，6月份检测到的挥发性有机物种类最多，为30种；9月份检测到的挥发性有机物的种类最少，仅为22种。在6月份的日变化检测中，挥发性有机物的种类呈现先增多后减少的趋势，在14: 00达到高峰，以萜烯类化合物为主。迷迭香花瓣释放的挥发性有机物种类少于叶片，叶片和花瓣挥发性有机物的主要成分均为萜烯类化合物，其相对含量分别占叶片、花瓣挥发物的65.32%和94.84%；且均以(1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯为主。迷迭香叶片和花瓣释放的挥发性有机物的主要成分均具有一定的药用保健作用。

Components and Variations of Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Rosmarinus officinalis

To investigate the composition and variation of volatile organic compounds released from leaves and petals of Rosmarinus officinalis, by using the methods of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used. Volatile organic compounds released from leaves of R.officinalis in different seasons and volatile organic compounds released from their petals were collected. The main components and relative content of volatile organic compounds were analyzed. The results showed that 43 kinds of VOCs were identified in different seasons, including terpenes, alcohols, ketones, esters and so on. The terpenes and alcohols were the major VOCs released from leaves of R.officinalis, containing 16 species and 9 species respectively. The relative content of the terpenes was increasing and then decreasing, finally increasing, which was the most and was 82.40% in June. The relative content of alcohols showed a downward trend and a rise and then decrease. The changes of the types of VOCs released by the leaves of R.officinalis firstly increased and then decreased in 1 year, which were the most and were 30 species in June, while they reduced the least in September, only were 22 species. The types of VOCs increased and then decreased in 1 day during June, and which reached the most at 14: 00, mainly were terpenes. The components released form petals were less than which from leaves distinctly, the major components were terpenes. The relative content of terpenes was 65.32% and 94.84% respectively released from leaves and petals, the major component of which was(1R)-(+)-α- pinene. The major components released from leaves and petals all had officinal and health care effects.