5种中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的]筛选促进生长和调节凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)非特异性免疫功能的中草药免疫调节剂。方法]分别采用质量分数为2%的鱼腥草、黄芪、大黄、甘草和黄芩的水提取物饵料连续28d饲喂凡纳滨对虾,在不同时间取样,测定血清中的酚氧化酶、溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶和血清蛋白含量等免疫因子的活性。结果]结果表明:饲喂黄芪、大黄和甘草的各组增长率和相对增重率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);除个别情况外,黄芪、大黄、甘草和黄芩组的酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活力、超氧化物歧化酶活力和血清蛋白含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);黄芪、大黄和甘草能够促进凡纳滨对虾的生长及非特异性免疫功能,鱼腥草则相反;饲养试验结束后第7天,腹腔注射鳗弧菌进行攻毒试验,在7d内,鱼腥草组累计死亡率高于对照组;黄芩组累计死亡率与对照组相同,黄芪、大黄和甘草的累计死亡率均低于对照组,免疫保护率为37%～46%。结论]从促进生长、提高免疫功能这两方面考虑,黄芪、大黄和甘草是适合凡纳滨对虾的中草药免疫调节剂。

fflect of Five Species of Herbs on Nonspecific Immune Activity of Litopenaeus vannamei

Litopenaus vannamei were fed for 28 d with water extracts from 2 % weight ratio of Houttuynia cordata,Radix astragalus,Rheum officinale,Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Radix scutellaria. Serums were collected in different times and the activities of phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme(LSZ), superoxide dismutase(SOD)and protein level in the serum of L. vannamei were measured. The body length growth rate and relative weight gain of R. astragalus group,R .officinale group and G. uralensis group were significantly higher than those of control(P<0.05). With few exceptions, the PO activity, LSZ activity, SOD activity and serum protein content of Radix astragalus,Rheum officinale,Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Radix scutellaria were significant higher than those of control group (P<0.01). Result showed that R. astragalus group,R .officinale group and G. uralensis could promote the growth and nonspecific immune activity of Litopenaus vannamei, but H .cordata was on the contrary. Vibrio anguillarum was injected into Litopenaus vannamei the 7th d after the feed experiment. The cumulative mortality of Houttuynia cordata group was higher than that of control group in 7 d and that of Radix scutellaria group was the same with control group. The cumulative mortality of Radix astragalus,Rheum officinale and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were lower with immune protective rate of 37 % ~ 46 %. Therefore, Radix astragalus,Rheum officinale and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were herb immune regulators suited for Litopenaeus vannamei considering from the aspects of promoting growth and immune activity.