我国人工林现状与近自然经营途径探讨

我国是世界上人工林面积最大的国家，人工林对我国的生态环境建设和经济发展发挥着重 大作用。但由于长期沿用传统粗放的管理方式，使得我国人工林质量低下，生态功能较差。通过深 入分析了我国人工林经营中存在的诸如病虫害严重、地力衰退、生物多样性下降等问题，借鉴欧洲 近自然森林经营理论和技术，并结合我国实际，提出了重视生境评价和演替规律研究，对现有人工 林，按照不同类型，采取科学有效的方法如团状采伐、带状采伐、单株采伐等创造林窗，进而通过人 工造林或天然更新的方式促其形成复层异龄混交林而实现近自然化改造;以合理的收获作业恢复 地力、通过法律和政策体系规范人类经营活动等我国人工林近自然经营的有效途径。

Discussion the Status Quality of Plantation and Near Nature Forestry Management in China

China occupies the biggest area of artficial forests in the world.The play important roles in the ecological construction and the national economical development.However for a long time，extensive farmˉ ing strategy was adopted in the management of forest plantation，resulting in poor quality and weak ecologˉ ical function of forest plantations.This paper analyzed the status and quality of the plantation in China. Based on the theory and technology of European near nature forest management， combined with the reality in China， we proposed effective ways to adopt near nature forest management in China， such as strengtheˉ ning the research of habitat evaluation and vegetation succession， converting the existing forest plantation to near nature forests by scientific measures， such as clumps logging，strip logging， and selective logging to form mixed forest plantations with multilayer and different ages resuming land capability through reaˉ sonable harvest operations，regulating human activities through legal and policy systems.