饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及种鸽产蛋性能的影响

【目的】探索日粮不同粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和种鸽产蛋性能的影响。【方法】选用健康、体质量和产蛋性能相近的180对种鸽,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复6对种鸽。5个处理组种鸽分别饲喂含粗蛋白质质量分数为15%、16%、17%、18%和19%的日粮,试验期包括种鸽产蛋期、孵化期、乳鸽哺育期和种鸽再产蛋期,共计1个生产周期。【结果】与其他处理组相比,饲喂18%粗蛋白质日粮组在乳鸽1~14日龄和1~21日龄平均日增质量均为最大,比15%粗蛋白质日粮组分别增加7.3%(P0.05)和3.2%(P0.05)。试验期间,各处理组间种鸽的采食量和料质量比均未见显著差异(P0.05)。与15%粗蛋白质日粮组相比,18%粗蛋白质日粮组乳鸽的全净膛率和胸肌率分别显著增加2.7%和6.4%(P0.05);胸肌滴水损失和剪切力显著降低10.5%和11.4%(P0.05)。与其他各组相比,18%和19%粗蛋白质日粮组种鸽的产蛋间隔可缩短1 d(P0.05);在种鸽哺育期间和乳鸽上市后1周内,18%粗蛋白质日粮组产蛋种鸽的比例最高(P0.05)。【结论】综合各指标和二次曲线回归分析结果,18%粗蛋白质日粮组乳鸽的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和种鸽的产蛋性均较好,建议孵化和哺育期种鸽日粮适宜的粗蛋白质质量分数为18%。

Effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality of squabs and laying performance of breeding pigeons

[Objective] The goal was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, carcass performance, and meat quality of squabs and laying performance of breeding pigeons. [Method] A total of 180 pairs of healthy breeding pigeons with similar body weight and repro-duction performance were randomly divided into five groups. Each group had six replicates, and each replicate had six pairs of breeding pigeons. Five groups were fed with diets of 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%and 19% crude protein respectively. The whole feeding experiment lasted for one reproduction cycle including the egg-laying, egg hatching, feeding and egg-laying again periods. [Result] Compared with other groups, the squabs in the group fed with 18% crude protein had the highest average daily gain dur-ing 1-14 days and 1-21 days. Average daily gain of squabs in the 18% crude protein group was 7. 3%( P<0. 05 ) and 3. 2% ( P>0. 05 ) higher compared with the 15% crude protein group during 1 -14 days and 1-28 days respectively. The average feed intake and feed/gain ratio of breeding pigeons were not significantly different among groups. Compared with the 15% crude protein group, the eviscerated carcass rate and the percentage of breast muscle of squabs in the 18% crude protein group were increased by 2. 7% and 6. 4% (P<0. 05), respectively, and the drip loss and shear force of squab breast muscle in the 18% crude protein group were decreased by 10. 5% and 11. 4% (P<0. 05), respectively. Com-pared with other groups, laying intervals of the 18% and 19% crude protein groups were decreased by one day ( P>0. 05 ) . During the feeding period of the breeding pigeons and within one week after the squabs went on the market, the 18% crude protein group had the highest percentage of laying breeding pigeons (P<0. 05). [Conclusion] Based on the comparisons and the quadratic regression analysis, the 18% crude protein group have good growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality of squabs and laying performance of breeding pigeons. The appropriate crude protein level for breeding pigeons dur-ing hatching and feeding period is 18%.