氮肥运筹对节水高产冬小麦产量及水分利用率的影响

目的]研究氮肥运筹对节水高产冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响,以形成最佳的氮肥底追比例,保护有限水资源。方法]在统一施用270 kg/hm2纯氮条件下,选取节水高产冬小麦品种衡4399为材料,研究了底施与追肥比例3∶7、5∶5及7∶3这3种氮肥运筹方式对其产量、水分利用率的影响。结果]氮肥运筹方式与产量及水分利用率高度相关,种植衡4399等节水高产冬小麦品种采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式,平均产量最高,为7268.21 kg/hm2,水分利用率最大,为21.56 kg/(hm2·mm)。结论]在黑龙港地区施用270 kg/hm2纯氮条件下,种植衡4399这类分蘖能力较强的节水高产冬小麦品种宜采用底追比3∶7的施氮方式。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Water-saving and High-yield Winter Wheat

Objective] To research the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on yield and water use efficiency of water-saving and high-yield winter wheat, so as to obtain the optimal base and topdressing fertilizer rates, and to protect the limited water resources. Method] When the nitrogen fertilizer application dosage was 270 kg/hm2 , winter wheat cultivar Heng 4399 was selected, which had the characteristics of water saving and high yield and was widely planted. The ratios of base to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer were 3∶7, 5∶5 and 7∶3, respectively. Their effects on yield and water use efficiency were researched. Result] Nitrogen fertilizer application mode was highly correlated to the yield and water use rate. The 3∶7 base-topdressing nitrogen fertilizer was suitable for the planting of Heng 4399 and other water-saving and high-yield cultivars. The average yield was 7 268.21 kg/hm2;and water use efficiency was 21.56 kg/(hm2·mm). Conclusion] Under 270 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer application in Heilonggang area, planting Heng 4399 and other water-saving and high-yield winter wheat varieties should adopt the ap-plication mode of 3∶7 base-topdressing nitrogen fertilizer.