麦收后不同耕作模式对土壤水分的影响

[目的]研究麦收后不同耕作制度和田间管理方式对农田土壤水分的影响。[方法]运用比较法,研究了麦收后小麦高茬旋耕还田模式、高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式和高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式3种处理对小麦秋播墒情的影响。通过烘干法,测定3种模式下农田土壤含水量、储水量、耗水量。[结果]3种模式的土壤含水量随土壤深度的增加呈下降趋势,且小麦高茬旋耕还田模式的土壤含水量高于高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式和高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式,高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式略高于高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式;小麦高茬旋耕还田模式1 m深土壤储水量大于高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式和高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式,而高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式的土壤储水量大于高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式;3个模式的耗水量均随着土壤深度的增加而增大。[结论]土壤深度为1 m的土壤含水量从大到小依次为小麦高茬旋耕还田模式、高茬粉碎秸秆覆盖模式、高茬粉碎秸秆后播种夏玉米模式。

Effects of Different Farming Modes after Wheat Harvest on Soil Moisture

Objective] To study the effects of different farming modes and field management ways after wheat harvest on soil moisture in farm-land.[ Method] Through comparison, the impacts of three farming modes ( high stubble rotary tillage with straw mode , high stubble crushing straw mulching mode , and sowing summer maize mode after high stubble crushing ) on soil moisture in autumn were analyzed .Soil moisture con-tent, soil moisture storage capacity, and water consumption under the three modes were detected by drying method .[Result] With the increase of soil depth, soil moisture content under the three modes tended to decrease, and it was the highest under the first mode, followed by the second mode, while it was the lowest under the third mode .The changing trend of soil moisture storage capacity at a depth of 1 m under the three modes was similar to that of soil moisture content.Water consumption under the three modes rose with the increase of soil depth.[Conclusion] Soil moisture content at a depth of 1 m is shown as follows: high stubble rotary tillage with straw mode>high stubble crushing straw mulching mode>sowing summer maize mode after high stubble crushing .