适宜玉米化控剂喷施的植保机具选型研究

[目的]玉米抗倒伏化控剂喷施缺少适宜机具,拟通过开展植保机具选型试验,筛选适宜化控剂喷施作业的机型。[方法]采用大田试验与实验室检测相结合的方法,检测约翰迪尔4630型、3W-500型和3WBD-16型3种植保机型开展化控作业的适应性。[结果]4630型喷杆喷雾机配套防飘扇形雾喷头作业其雾滴粒径较大,雾滴沉积密度低,且多分布在下部叶片,不利于叶片吸收,化控效果较差,且植株损伤率最高;3WBD-16型背负式电动喷雾器配套圆锥雾喷头作业喷雾均匀性最低,化控作业后效果不均匀,田间整齐度低,作业成本最高;3W-500型东方红悬挂式喷杆喷雾机配套标准扇形雾喷头作业质量和作业效率优于背负式电动喷雾器,作业后化控效果显著优于约翰迪尔4630型喷杆喷雾机,且作业成本最低。[结论]3W-500型东方红悬挂式喷杆喷雾机适宜在京郊地区玉米化控作业中应用。

Experiment in the Selection of the Machinery Suitable for Chemical Spraying in Maize Growth

Objective] The machinery suitable for chemical control agent spraying in maize planting was selected through the experiment in plant protection equipment test due to the lack of its appropriate equipment.[Method] The adaptability of three types of plant protection machineries (4630 -type, 3W -500 and 3WBD -16) to the chemical regulation agent spraying for maize was measured through the combination of operation in field and the test in laboratory.[Results] The droplet size of 4630 -type boom sprayer supported with anti-drift flat fan nozzle was largest, its droplet deposition density was lowest.And the droplets were mainly located in the blades of lower part that was not conducive to absorption for leaves.Thus, its effect of chemical was poor and the rate of plant injury was the highest.The spray uniformity of 3WBD -16 knapsack electric sprayer supported with fog nozzle was minimum, the chemical effect was uneven, the uniformity in field was low and its operating cost was the largest.The job quality and operational efficiency of 3W -500 Dongfanghong suspended boom sprayer supported with standard flat fan nozzles was better than those of 3WBD -16 type and the chemical effect was better than that of 4630 -type.And operating cost of 3W -500 type was the lowest.[Conclusion] 3W -500 type was suitable for the chemical control agent spraying for maize planting in Beijing suburbs.