天童常绿阔叶林砍伐后凋落物层跳虫群落生态学研究

[目的]了解不同砍伐处理对常绿阔叶林凋落物层跳虫群落结构的影响以及各处理样地跳虫群落恢复状况。[方法]于2009年12月至2010年9月在浙江天童地区常绿阔叶林5个砍伐7年后的恢复样地进行四季采样,对浙江森林公园不同砍伐处理下常绿阔叶林土壤动物优势类群跳虫群落进行调查。样地处理分别为:(Ⅰ)去除大树保留萌枝、(Ⅱ)去除地表植物保留枯枝落叶层、(Ⅲ)去除地表植物和10 cm表土、(Ⅳ)清除下木层保留大树、(Ⅴ)对照。[结果]各处理样地各科跳虫类群组成相差不大,密度从大到小依次为Ⅱ号样地(28.79%)、Ⅳ号样地(21.03%)、Ⅰ号样地(20.75%)、Ⅴ号样地(17.09%)、Ⅲ号样地(12.33%),表现为适度地干扰处理能够让跳虫保持较高密度。不同季节跳虫群落组成不同,且跳虫密度在不同样地季节变化存在差异,总体上夏秋季明显高于春冬季。不同砍伐程度下,各样地凋落物有机碳、总氮和总磷均存在显著差异,随着砍伐程度的加剧,凋落物有机碳和总氮含量逐渐降低。结合不同砍伐程度处理中跳虫群落密度,虽然各处理样地经过了7年的恢复,但不同处理间跳虫群落差异仍较为明显。[结论]跳虫群落对环境变化非常敏感,可作为评价土壤环境受干扰程度的指示种。

Ecological Distribution of Collembola in the Litter under Different Ground Cover Treatment of Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

Objective] To understand the effects of ground cover removal on collembola communities in the litter and the community restoration situations. [Method] The collembola community investigation of 4 seasons in an evergreen broad-leaved forest after 7 years since the ground cover removal in Tiantong Region, Zhejiang Province was carried out during Dec. 2019-Sep. 2010. The five treatments in five sites were as follows:(Ⅰ) big trees were removed but sprouts retained;(Ⅱ) ground surface vegetation was removed but litter retained;(Ⅲ) all vegetation and 0–10 cm topsoil were removed;(Ⅳ) undergrowth was removed but big trees retained; and (Ⅴ) a control plot without any disturbance. [Result] The number of collembolan groups did not vary widely. The number of collembola community was as follows:Ⅱ(28. 79%) > Ⅳ(21. 03%) >Ⅰ(20. 75%) > Ⅴ(17. 09%) >Ⅲ(12. 33%) . The community composition vary in different seasons. The number of collembola community was as follows:autumn > summer > spring > winter. The organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus had obvious differences among the plots. Even after 7 years of restoration, the collembola community traits were obviously different among the treatments. [ Conclusion] Collembola community was very sensitive to the environmental disturbing, which can be used as the indicator species to evaluate the soil environmental dis-turbance.