长期定位施肥对中性紫色土硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响

为了研究长期不同施肥措施对中性紫色土氨氧化微生物及其硝化作用的影响,以国家紫色土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的中性紫色土为研究对象,进行土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌amo A基因的Real-time PCR分析,比较长期不同定位施肥对土壤氨氧化潜势和硝化强度的影响,并分析不同施肥制度对功能微生物丰度与功能的作用。数据显示,土壤中氨氧化古菌amo A基因拷贝数(Log值6.21～7.14)远大于氨氧化细菌(Log值3.65～5.73),相对于对氨氧化细菌丰度的影响,施肥对土壤氨氧化古菌丰度影响较小。施用氮肥与磷肥都显著提高了土壤氨氧化细菌丰度,1.5NPK+M处理氨氧化细菌丰度最高(Log值5.73),有机无机肥配施可以显著提高土壤氨氧化微生物丰度;而含氯化肥的施用在一定程度上降低了土壤氨氧化细菌丰度与硝化细菌生长,与施用不含氯的肥料处理相比,含氯肥料处理的土壤氨氧化细菌丰度与硝化细菌数分别降低了3.74%和88.12%。研究表明,长期施肥能影响中性紫色土中氨氧化细菌的丰度,有机无机肥配施能够提高土壤的氨氧化潜力与土壤的硝化能力。

Effects of long term fertilization on the nitrification and ammoxidation in neutral purple soil

To determine the influence of long term application of fertilizers on the nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in neutral purple soil,chemical analysis and real time PCR were employed and effect of different fertilization on the microbial abundance.Results showed that the amoA gene copy numbers of ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA)was obviously higher than that of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)in purple soil and effect of fertilization on AOA was slight.Both N and P application improved the abundance of AOB,and the highest population sizes of AOB appeared in the 1.5NPK+M treatment.Compared with no chloride fertilizer treatments,the abundance of AOB and nitrobacteria for treatments with chloride fertilizer were decreased by 3.74% and 88.12%. Long term fertilization resulted in change of the abundance of AOB,and organic fertilizer combined chemical fertilizer application improved the soil ammonia oxidation potential and nitrification ability.