微喷灌水肥一体化小麦磷钾肥减施稳产提质研究

采用微喷灌水肥一体化灌溉方式研究磷钾肥减施及追施时间对小麦生长发育、水分利用效率及品质的影响。结果表明:磷钾肥减施对小麦拔节期总茎数和分蘖数影响显著,生育期灌3水(越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水)和灌4水(越冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水)的P_(底+拔)K(磷肥50%底施+50%拔节期追施)最高,且可以提高花后干物质的积累能力,增加籽粒中来自开花后干物质的比例,成熟期籽粒分配量最高。与传统栽培模式及微喷灌常量施肥相比,生育期灌水3次(越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水),灌水量1 500 m3/hm2,磷钾肥减施30%且磷肥50%底施+50%拔节期追施与常量施肥高产处理差异不显著,产量构成因子中穗数和穗粒数没有显著变化,千粒重有增加趋势,品质指标较当地传统栽培模式有所提高。因此,在山西省干旱缺水条件下,利用微喷灌水肥一体化技术生育期灌水3次(越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水),灌水量1 500 m3/hm2,氮肥70%底施+30%拔节期追施、钾肥减30%全部底施、磷肥减30%且50%底施+50%拔节期追施可以实现节水节肥稳产提质。

Study on effect of micro sprinkler irrigation combined with reduced phosphorus,potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of wheat

The effects of micro sprinkler irrigation combined with reduced phosphorus,potassium fertilizer and topdressing time on growth and development,water use efficiency and quality of wheat were studied. Results showed that stem and tiller number of jointing stage were affected significantly under phosphorus,potassium fertilizer reduced.Watering three times,(wintering water,drawing water and grouting water)and four times(wintering water,drawing water and flowering water and grouting water),50% phosphate fertilizer applied at seeding time and 50% at jointing stage was the highest,improved the ability of dry matter accumulation after flowering,increased the proportion of dry matter of grain after flowering,allocation amount at mature stage was the highest.Compared with the traditional cultivation mode and micro irrigation with normal fertilization,water was irrigated three times and total amount of 1 500 m3/hm2,50% phosphate fertilizer at seeding time and 50% at jointing stage and 70% of normal phosphate and potassium fertilizer amount was not significant under the irrigation mode,the number of ears and grains of yield components had no significant change,but 1 000 grain weight increased.Quality indicators were better than the local traditional mode.Therefore,under the condition of drought and water shortage in Shanxi province,it is possible to realize water and fertilizer reduction with the stable yield and improving quality by micro sprinkler irrigation.