增铵营养对基质栽培西葫芦产量、品质及其氮钾素吸收的影响

在氮素供应水平一致的条件下,采用基质栽培盆栽试验,设置5个NH_4~+-N比例(0、10%、20%、30%、40%),探究增铵营养对基质栽培西葫芦产量、品质与N、K素吸收的影响,为高效优质的西葫芦栽培模式提供理论依据。结果表明,在12.6 mmol/L的N素供应量下,20%增铵比例能促进西葫芦植株的生长发育,株型粗壮。10%～20%的NH_4~+-N比例能促进N素在果实部分积累,且过量的铵供应会明显抑制植株地上部对K素的吸收。同时随着NH_4~+-N比例的增加,西葫芦中NO_3~--N含量与可溶性固形物呈下降趋势,可溶性糖含量不断增加。30%NH_4~+-N比例处理下单株产量最高,相对于全硝处理增产29.6%,且N素偏生产力与收获指数水平最高。当NH_4~+-N比例30%以上时,西葫芦结瓜率低于60%,且地上部生物量呈现下降趋势。因此,30%增铵比例下西葫芦产量、品质以及水肥效率最能实现西葫芦在基质栽培中的高产优质高效。

Effect of enhanced ammonium nutrition on yield,quality and N,K uptake of summer squash in substrate culture

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of enhanced ammonium nutrition on the yield,quality and N,P uptake of summer squash in substrate culture,and to provide a theoretical basis for high quality and safety production of summer squash.Five proportions(0,10%,20%,30%,40%)of NH+4-N ratios were designed with equivalent N supply.The results showed that the growth of summer squash plants were promoted by 20% of NH+4-N,with the equivalent N supply(12.6 mmol/L).The accumulation of N in fruit was increased by 10%~20% of NH+4-N supply,and the absorption of K by the aboveground in summer squash plant was resisted by excessive NH+4-N supply.With the increase of NH+4-N ratios,the soluble sugar content in the summer squash increased but the NO-3-N content and soluble solid content decreased.The highest yield per plant was obtained at 30% of NH+4-N,which was increased by 29.6%,compared with total NO-3-N supply treatment.There were peak values of the N partial factor productivity and N harvest index at 30% NH+4-N supply.When NH+4-N supply ratio exceeded 30%,the fruit fertility rates of summer squash were below 60%,and the aboveground biomass in summer squash plant decreased significantly.To sum up,the optimum benefit of summer squash yield,quality and N utilization efficiency was achieved for the plants grown at 30% of NH+4-N supply.