多雨烟区烤烟氮肥优化施用的减氮效应及对烤烟产质量的影响

采用大田试验研究基肥不同施肥方式和基追肥比例对烤烟产质量及减氮效应的影响。结果表明,在多雨条件下,采用挖大穴、施用穴肥(60%基肥条施+40%基肥穴施)的方式能够促进烟株前期吸收更多养分,促进烟株早生快发,提高中部叶质量。当施氮量为127.5 kg·hm~(-2),追肥比例由50%提高到65%时,烤烟上部叶开片度、叶面积、单叶重均有所提高,上部烟叶营养得到改善。在总施氮量比CK(150 kg·hm~(-2))减少15%条件下,通过调整基肥施肥方式和基追肥比例,烟叶产值和烟叶质量均得到提升,既节约了成本,又提高了烟农效益。

Effects of modified nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen rate reduction and yield and quality of flue cured tobacco in rainy tobacco growing regions

Effects of different basal dressing application methods and ratio between base and topdressing on yield and quality of flue cured tobacco and reducing nitrogen effect were investigated in field experiment.The results showed that under the condition of rain,digging big holes and supplying 40% base fertilizers at bottom of holes promoted the early nutrient absorption of tobacco plant,to achieve early and quickly growth and improve central leaf quality.Opening degree,leaf area,single leaf weight and tobacco nutrition of upper leaves were improved when the ratio of top dressing increased from 50% to 65%.When the total N application rate reduced by 15% than CK (150 kg·hm-2),optimization of basal fertilization way and the ratio between base and topdressing improved the quality and output value of leaves flue cured tobacco,and increased the economic benefit of tobacco growers.