秸秆生物炭和鸡粪对铅胁迫下玉米生长和生理特性的影响

通过盆栽模拟铅(Pb)胁迫试验,研究了不同秸秆生物炭添加量(20,40g/kg土壤)、不同鸡粪添加量(20,40g/kg土壤)、秸秆生物炭和鸡粪等量复配(各20g/kg土壤)处理对Pb胁迫下玉米生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭和鸡粪不同处理均显著增加铅胁迫下玉米的株高、鲜重、光合色素含量、光合性能和抗氧化酶活性。生物炭和鸡粪等量复配处理较对照提高鲜重69.9%、株高50.0%、叶绿素b含量50.0%、净光合速率(P_n)97.9%、蒸腾速率(T_r)126.5%、气孔导度(G_s)132.6%、超氧化物歧化酶活性(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)68.4%、过氧化物酶活性(Peroxidase,POD)69.4%、过氧化氢酶活性(Catalase,CAT)115.3%、脯氨酸含量88.6%、可溶性糖含量48.6%。生物炭和鸡粪等量复配处理对促进铅胁迫下玉米的生长,提高叶片的光合能力和抗氧化能力效果最佳,为改善重金属铅污染的土壤质量和作物生长提供了经济有效的途径。

Effects of Stalk-derived Biochar and Chicken Manure on the Growth and Physiological Characters of Maize Under Lead Stress

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different stalk-derived biochar added (20, 40 g/kg soil), different chicken manure added (20, 40 g/kg soil), combination of stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure (20 g/kg soil, respectively) applications on the growth and physiological characters of maize under lead stress. Results showed that all treatments with stalk-derived biochar or/and chicken manure addition significantly increased plant height and fresh weight of maize, photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthesis characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities. Amending soil with stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure together produced the largest increment in maize growth and physiological characteristics. This effect was additive, with 69.9%, 50.0% greater fresh weight and plant height, 50.0%, 97.9%, 126.5%, 132.6% higher chlorophyll b content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal conductance (G_s), 68.4%, 69.4%, 115.3% higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), 88.6%, 48.6% higher proline and soluble sugar, respectively. The combination of stalk-derived biochar and chicken manure treatment played the best effective role on promoting the growth of maize, improving leaf photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity under lead stress. This study provides a cost-effective way for improving the soil quality of Pb-contamination and crop growth.