豆科牧草种子硬实特性及其破除方法

为了解豆科牧草种子的硬实特性及其破除方法,以30份豆科牧草种子为材料,研究硬实特性及划破种皮、浓硫酸处理、热水浸泡3种处理方法对种子硬实率、发芽率和发芽指数的影响。结果表明,30份豆科牧草种子的硬实率为0.00%~96.67%,平均为50.18%,不同豆科牧草种子间的硬实率存在较大差异,且与发芽率呈显著负相关关系(P0.05)。对于大部分豆科牧草种子,浓硫酸和热水的最佳处理时间与硬实率呈正相关关系,当硬实率大于70%时,浓硫酸和热水的最佳处理时间分别为15~30和7~15 min,而当硬实率小于30%时,浓硫酸和热水的最佳处理时间分别为5~10和1~3 min;浓硫酸处理和划破种皮对种子硬实的破除效果较好,热水处理效果较差,但经热水处理后的乳豆(Galactia elliptifoliola)和猪屎豆(Crotalaria pallida)种子发芽率要高于浓硫酸处理。因此,对于不同物种的种子,要选择不同的处理方法,并根据其硬实率大小预测不同处理时间。

A study of the character and breaking methods of hard seeds in leguminous forages

To understand the character and breaking methods of hard seeds in leguminous forages, the character of hard seeds in 30 leguminous forages and the effects of three treatments including cutting seed coat, sulfuric acid, and hot water on seed rate, germination rate, and germination index were observed.The results indicated that the seed rate of the 30 leguminous forages varied from 0.00% to 96.67% with an average of 50.18%.The seed rates were significantly different among different leguminous forages and showed a significant negative correlation with their germination rates.There was a positive correlation between the optimal treatment time of sulfuric acid and hot water and seed rate for most of these seeds.When seed rate was more than 70%, the optimal treatment time of sulfuric acid and hot water was 15~30 and 7~15 min, respectively;however, when seed rate was less than 30%, the optimal treatment time of sulfuric acid and hot water was 5~10 and 1~3 min, respectively.Comparing with hot water treatment, cutting seed coat and sulfuric acid treatment were more effective breaking methods for most leguminous forages seeds.However, the germination rates of Galactia elliptifoliola and Crotalaria pallida were higher after hot water treatment than sulfuric acid.Therefore, to break hard seed, different treatments were effective for different species, and the optimal treatment time can be estimated based on their seed rate.