陇东旱塬冬小麦复种饲草轮作系统产量和水分利用特征

在陇东黄土高原大田条件下,连续2年研究了冬小麦-饲草复种轮作系统的干物质产量和水分利用,研究采用的处理有:休闲-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(F-W-V-W),休闲-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(F-W-R-W),饲用油菜-冬小麦-箭筈豌豆-冬小麦(R-W-V-W)和饲用油菜-冬小麦-饲用油菜-冬小麦(R-W-R-W)。结果表明:麦茬复种饲草可比麦茬休闲提高系统生产力27%,蛋白质产量增加1100 kg/hm², 同时对后茬冬小麦产量无影响。R-W-R-W模式下干物质产量、粗蛋白产量、干物质水分利用效率和蛋白质水分利用效率均最优,分别为30.68 t/hm²、3.25 t/hm²、7.80 kg/(mm·hm²)和0.92 kg/(mm·hm²)(P<0.05)。复种饲用油菜较箭筈豌豆产量高,有效利用了麦茬后降雨量,但箭筈豌豆粗蛋白含量较饲用油菜高22.4%,因此确定麦茬复种模式则需权衡干物质产量与蛋白质产量的需求。

Dry matter production and water use of winter wheat-forage catch crop rotation systems on the Longdong Loess Plateau

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of winter wheat/forage catch crop rotation systems on dry matter production and water use.This experiment was conducted at the Qingyang Experimental Station of Lanzhou University,which is located in the central part of the Loess Plateau.Four crop rotation systems were tested:fallow/winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)/vetch (Vicia sativa)/winter wheat (F-W-V-W);fallow/winter wheat/rape (Brassica campestris)/winter wheat (F-W-R-W);rape/winter wheat/vetch/winter wheat (R-W-V-W);and rape/winter wheat/rape/winter wheat (R-W-R-W).The results showed that the system productivity of R-W was 27％ higher than that of F-W.Compared with F-W,R-W showed 1100 kg/ha greater crude protein yield,but there was no significant difference in the yield of winter wheat stubble.Among the four cropping systems,the R-W-R-W rotation system showed the highest dry matter production,crude protein yield,water use efficiency,and protein water use efficiency 30.68 t/ha,3.25 t/ha,7.80 kg/(mm · ha),and 0.92 kg/(mm · ha),respectively].The yield and water consumption of rape were higher than those of vetch,indicating that precipitation after the winter wheat crop was used more efficiently by rape.However,the protein content of vetch was 22.4％ higher than that of rape.This result highlighted the importance of evaluating the relationship between dry matter production and crude protein yield to judge the benefits of different rotation systems.