青海地区燕麦“3414”施肥效果及推荐施肥量

合理的施肥是提高燕麦(Avena sativa)产量的主要措施之一。以‘青引1号’为试验材料,于2012-2014年采用"3414"施肥方案,研究不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配施对青海地区燕麦种子产量及经济效益的影响,旨在为青海地区燕麦的合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,不同氮、磷、钾配施处理下燕麦的产量和经济效益均高于不施肥处理,以处理N2P3K2的产量最高,达到4 785.2kg·hm-2,较不施肥处理增产1 488.9kg·hm-2,而处理N2P2K0可增收3 324.7CNY·hm-2,其增收效果最为明显;两两互作对燕麦产量的影响表现为NPNKPK。燕麦施肥量与产量间的一元二次方程拟合结果均典型,能够较好地反映施肥量同产量的关系,但在氮磷施用量中等水平时,随着钾肥施用量的逐渐增加,燕麦产量开始降低,因此,青海地区燕麦种植可不施用钾肥;通过氮磷的二元二次拟合方程可得出,本研究条件下获得燕麦最高产量的施肥方案为氮118.6kg·hm-2、磷177.0kg·hm-2,产量可达4 867.4kg·hm-2,纯收入为12930.9CNY·hm-2。最佳经济施肥方案为氮102.2kg·hm-2、磷102.0kg·hm-2,产量为4 731.3kg·hm-2,纯收入为13 111.6CNY·hm-2。

Effect of "3414" fertilization and recommended fertilizer quantity for Avena sativa in Qinghai Area

Judicious fertilization is one of the main measures to improve Avena sativa yield.This study aimed to provide a practical,scientific basis for A.sativa fertilization in Qinghai.We used "Qingyin No.1" as the experimental material in our research.From 2012 to 2014,we applied the "3414" fertilizing scheme to observe A.sativa yield under the influence of different allocations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,as well as the related economic efficiency.The results showed that yield and economic efficiency were always higher with,rather than without,fertilizer treatment.The treatment of N2P2K0 reached the highest output,up to 4 785.22 kg· ha-1,and increased by 1 488.91kg· ha-1 compared with those without fertilizer treatment;the treatment of N2P2K0 increased by 3 324.71 CNY · ha-1,showing the most significant economic effect.In general,both treatments interact with each other;the effects on A.sativa yield are NP＞NK＞PK.The results of the quadratic equations between A.sativa fertilizer quantity and its yield were typical,which helps explain the relationship between fertilizer quantity of A.sativa and its yield.However,with a medium fertilizer rate of nitrogen and phosphorus and an increase in potassium,the yield of A.sativa began to decrease.From the above experiment,we conclude that it is possible to omit potassium fertilizer when growing A.sativa in Qinghai Area.Moreover,it can be inferred from the binary quadratic equations of nitrogen and phosphorus that,to obtain the highest yield of A.sativa,the best fertilizer scheme should be nitrogen 118.55 kg · ha-1,phosphorus 176.96 kg·ha-1,up to 4 867.43 kg · ha-1,with net income 12 930.94 CNY · ha-1;the best economic fertilizer scheme should be nitrogen 102.18 kg · ha-2,phosphorus 102.04 kg · ha-1,up to 4 731.25 kg · ha-1,with a net income of 13 111.63 CNY · ha-1.