托木尔峰南坡不同植被类型土壤特性及其与海拔的关系

为了探究托木尔峰自然保护区南坡不同植被类型土壤特性与海拔的关系,对托木尔峰国家级自然保护区台兰河上游河谷不同海拔下草地、灌木地和森林地的表层(0-10 cm)土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明:1)土壤颗粒度随海拔的增加而趋于细化;不同植被类型间土壤自然含水率差异明显,与其相应的海拔之间均呈正相关关系。2)草地土壤中的变异系数(CV)1.0,属强变异;森林土壤中全盐的CV≤0.1,为弱变异;其它所有样地的盐分离子的CV均在0.1~1.0,为中等变异。灌木地土壤中Na Cl和K~++Na~+及森林地土壤中Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)与海拔间表现为极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。3)土壤p H与海拔间呈显著负相关关系(P0.05);土壤有机质含量大小顺序为森林地草地灌木地,全磷含量表现为为森林地灌木地草地,全氮含量表现为草地森林地灌木地,碳氮比表现森林地灌木地草地;有机质、全氮、碳氮比均属中等变异,全磷属弱变异。除草地的土壤碳氮比以及森林的土壤碳氮比和全磷以外,土壤各养分指标与海拔间均表现出极显著(P0.01)或显著(P0.05)相关性。本研究可为根据不同海拔植被类型的土壤理化特征对该保护区采取合理的管护模式,改善保护区的生态环境,促进其健康可持续的发展提供参考依据。

Relationship between soil properties in different vegetation types and altitudes on the south slope of Mt.Tuomuer

To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties on the south slope of Mt.Tuomuer,the physio-chemical properties of soil at different altitudes in Tailan River Valley were analyzed.The results showed that: 1)The grain size of the soil tended to be more refined as altitude increased;there was a significant difference in the soil moisture content in different vegetation types, anda positive correlation with altitude.2)The coefficient of variation of in grassland soil was due to strong variation with the CV>1.0, and the coefficient of variation of the total salt in forest soils showed a weak variation with the CV≤0.1.In addition to, the coefficient of variation of other salt ions showed medium variation with the 0.1≤CV≤1.0.There was a very significant negative correlation between NaCl and K++Na+ in shrub land, and Cl-and SO42-in forest land and at altitude (P<0.01).3)There was a significant negative correlation between soil pH and altitude.The orderofthe content of surface soil organic matter in the study area was forest>grassland>shrub, the content of total P with forest>shrub>grassland, the content of total N with grass>forest>shrub, and the order of C/N with forest>shrub>grassland.Organic matter, total N, and C/N showed medium variation, whereas total P showed weak variation.There were highly significant or significant correlations between soil nutrient indexes and altitude, except for the grassland soilsamples'' C/N, as well as the forest soil''s C/N and total P.Therefore, a reasonable management model should be used to improve the ecological environment based on both vegetation types and soil properties in Tuomuer Nature Reserve at different altitudes.