Yield,growth and grain nitrogen response to elevated CO2 in six lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars grown under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) in a semi-arid environment |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water St, Creswick, VIC 3363, Australia;2. Agriculture Victoria,Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham, VIC, 3401, Australia;3. Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water St, Creswick, VIC, 3363, Australia;4. Northern Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 3710 Assinniboine Rd, Havre, MT, 59501-8214, USA;5. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;6. Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;1. University of Eastern Finland, Department of Biology, POB 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;2. Plant Ecology and Environmental Science, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India;1. University of Lleida, Horticulture, Gardening and Botany Department, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain;2. University of Lleida, Environment and Soil Science Department, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E-25198 Lleida, Spain;3. IRTA, Water Efficient Use Program, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny - Edifici Fruitcentre, E-25003 Lleida, Spain;1. Departamento Química y Tecnología de los Alimentos—E.T.S.I.A.—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Centro de Investigación Agroambiental El Chaparrillo - Inst. Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroforestal (IRIAF). Ctra. Ciudad Real-Las Casas, km 3.5. Ciudad Real, Spain;3. Departamento de Matemática Aplicada a la Ingeniería Agronómica—E.T.S.I.A.—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain;4. CEIGRAM—Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain;1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;3. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi 830052, China;4. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Korla 841000, China;1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran;2. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 1985713133, Iran;1. Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Erzurum, Turkey;2. Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Erzurum, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (CO2]) are predicted to increase from current levels of about 400 ppm to reach 550 ppm by 2050. The direct benefits of elevated CO2] (eCO2]) to plant growth appear to be greater under low rainfall conditions, but there are few field (Free Air CO2 Enrichment or FACE) experimental set-ups that directly address semi-arid conditions. The objectives of this study were to investigate the following research questions: 1) What are the effects of eCO2] on the growth and grain yield of lentil (Lens culinaris) grown under semi-arid conditions under FACE? 2) Does eCO2] decrease grain nitrogen in lentil? and 3) Is there genotypic variability in the response to eCO2] in lentil cultivars? Elevated CO2] increased yields by approximately 0.5 t ha?1 (relative increase ranging from 18 to 138%) by increasing both biomass accumulation (by 32%) and the harvest index (by up to 60%). However, the relative response of grain yield to eCO2] was not consistently greater under dry conditions and might depend on water availability post-flowering. Grain nitrogen concentration was significantly reduced by eCO2] under the conditions of this experiment. No differences were found between the cultivars selected in the response to elevated CO2] for grain yield or any other parameters observed despite well expressed genotypic variability in many traits of interest. Biomass accumulation from flowering to maturity was considerably increased by elevated CO2] (a 50% increase) which suggests that the indeterminate growth habit of lentils provides vegetative sinks in addition to reproductive sinks during the grain-filling period. |
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| Keywords: | Source-sink relationships Physiological pre-breeding Climate change adaptation Terminal drought |
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