White clover living mulch reduces the need for phosphorus fertilizer application to corn |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;2. Landesamt für Bergbau, Energie und Geologie, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany;3. Foundation Ecology & Agriculture (SÖL), Weinstraße Süd 51, 67089 Bad Dürkheim, Germany;4. Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Biostatistics Unit, Fruwirthstr. 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany;5. Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Institute for Geography, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 19a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;1. Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Altensteinstr. 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;2. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany;3. Xavier University, Department of Biology, 3800 Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA |
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| Abstract: | White clover living mulch (LM) increases the uptake of phosphorus (P) and the yield of the main crop by promoting the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, the extent to which the P fertilizer application rate can be reduced by using LM is not yet known. This study aimed to address this question. Two field experiments were conducted from 2008 to 2009 (Experiment 1) and from 2009 to 2010 (Experiment 2) at the fields where the available P of soil fluctuated near the lower limit of the optimum P level (43.6 mg kg−1: Truog method). Experiment 1 had a randomized block design, and Experiment 2 had a split-plot design with a factorial arrangement of two cropping systems (LM and no LM) with three P application treatments (0 kg ha−1, 43.6 kg ha−1, and 87.3 kg ha−1). LM increased P concentrations in the early stages of growth and the yield of corn. This can be attributed to the increased AM colonization rate in the early stages of growth. The yield and total digestible nutrient yield of corn in LM with no P application was comparable to the maximum yield in no LM with or without P application. Therefore, LM could make unnecessary P fertilization in soils where P fertilization is required for silage corn. |
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| Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhiza Fertilizer application rate Low-input agriculture LM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0025" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" living mulch P" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0035" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phosphorus AM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" arbuscular mycorrhizal TDN" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0055" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" total digestible nutrient CEC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kw0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" cation exchange capacity |
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