Assessment of the benefits of frost-sensitive companion plants in winter rapeseed |
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| Institution: | 1. UMR Agronomie 0211, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France;2. Terres Inovia, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France;1. International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya;2. Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK;3. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa;1. Regional Development Agency of Rodopi, 69100 Komotini, Greece;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle of University Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Faculty of Agriculture Pri?tina-Le?ak, 38219 Le?ak, Serbia;1. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 21, 5070 Frick, Switzerland;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Evolution, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;3. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;4. Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YQ, UK;5. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty for Agriculture and Horticulture, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;6. Fachmaturitätsschule (FMS) Basel-Stadt, Engelgasse 120, 4052 Basel, Switzerland;7. Department of Environmental Sciences, NLU-Biogeography, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;1. Department of Agronomy and Organic Farming, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Straße 5, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;2. Department of Plant Breeding, Workgroup for Biostatistics and Informatics in Agriculture, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;3. Department of Agronomy and Crop Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel;2. Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa ? Oranim, Tivon, Israel;3. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Israel;1. Normandie Université, Caen, France;2. UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, UNICAEN, Caen, France;3. UMR 950 Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et nutritions N, C, S, INRA, Caen, France;4. Centre Mondial d’Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint Malo, France |
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| Abstract: | The intercropping of rapeseed with frost-sensitive companion plants (CP) has recently been proposed as a way to mitigate the negative environmental impact of rapeseed crops. Using mixed-effect linear models, we compared the yield and weed amounts of rapeseed intercropped with different CP species with that of rapeseed as a sole crop in an unique dataset of 79 field experiments covering a wide range of climate, soil and practices conditions in the northwestern part of France, from 2009 to 2015. Bayesian model averaging procedure was used to determine the relative contributions of sites characteristics to the effects of intercropping.Before winter, field pea and faba bean had accumulated the largest amounts of dry mass, with more than 100 g m?2. Rapeseed biomass was reduced by 56% by non-legume CPs and by only 18% by legume CPs, the largest decrease being caused by pea. Non-legumes decreased the nitrogen nutrition index of rapeseed by 7%, whereas pea and faba bean increased this index by 6% and 3%, respectively. Intercropping with non-legume and legume CPs reduced weed amounts by 52% and 38% respectively, with no difference between CP species. Non-legume CPs decreased rapeseed yield at harvest by 0.58 t ha?1, whereas faba bean and faba bean + lentil increased yield by 0.16 and 0.12 t ha?1 respectively, when fertilized at the recommended rate. Intercropping with faba bean, lentil or a mixture of both made it possible to reduce nitrogen applications by 30–40 kg ha?1 with no significant decrease in rapeseed yield. Faba bean and faba bean + lentil mixtures had the best overall performance. This work suggests that intercropping rapeseed is promising, particularly in soils with low nitrogen content with an early sowing date in the late summer. |
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| Keywords: | Rapeseed Oilseed rape Intercropping Companion plants Weeds Yield |
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