科尔沁沙地4种作物根茬抗风蚀效果风洞试验研究

摘 要：利用野外风洞设备，以翻耕地为对照，对科尔沁沙地东部农田的4种不同作物茬地抗风蚀效果进行了测试，对风蚀主要影响因子进行了分析。试验结果表明：作物留茬可显著提高地表抗风蚀能力；在相同风速条件下，抗风蚀能力大小依次为燕麦茬地>玉米茬地>向日葵茬地>绿豆茬地>翻耕地；与翻耕地相比，燕麦茬地、玉米茬地、向日葵茬地和绿豆茬地的起动风速分别抬高了53.3% 、17.8% 、11.1%、 8.9%。本试验表明，风蚀量与土壤地表覆盖度、土壤0～5cm表层含水量、地表粗糙度、土壤容重、土壤坚实度呈负相关关系，其中与前三者呈显著高度负相关关系。采用免耕留茬措施可以有效地抑制农田土壤风蚀，有利于防治农田荒漠化。

Wind Tunnel Experiment on Anti-Wind Erosion Capacity of Four Crop Stubbles in Horqin Sandy Land

Abstract: Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to test anti-wind erosion capacity of different crop stubbles in Horqin Sandy Land. The main influential factors of wind erosion were analyzed in the field condition. The results indicated that the crop stubbles had significant effect on anti-wind erosion. At the same wind velocity, the anti-wind erosion capacity was found higher in oat stubble land (OL), followed by maize stubble land (ML), sunflower stubble land (SL), mungbean stubble land (MBL) and traditional plough tillage land (PL). Compared with wind erosion in plough land, the threshold wind velocity for stubble land of oat, maize, sunflower and mungbean is increased by 53.3%, 17.8%, 11.1% and 8.9% respectively. Moreover, the wind erosion rate had a negative correlation with crop stubbles coverage, soil surface moisture, terrain aerodynamic roughness, soil bulk density and soil compactness. No-tillage stubble measures can effectively control wind erosion and prevent desertification in Horqin Sandy Land.