田间增铵条件下不同基因型小麦早期生长的差异研究

大田栽培条件下,以河南地区3种筋型中有代表性的14个冬小麦品种为材料,研究NO3-/NH4+分别为100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100混合形态氮肥下小麦早期生长和干物质积累的变化规律,探讨小麦早期生长各项指标在不同NO3-/NH4+和不同基因型间的差异,以及不同基因型小麦对增铵营养响应的差异。结果表明:(1)根据增铵条件下不同基因型小麦的表现,把所有品种分为敏感型、次敏感型、钝感型3种类型,不同类型小麦增铵效应有显著差异。(2)增铵营养下NH4+所占比例为25%～50%时对所有类型品种均有显著促进作用,对株高、叶面积指数、分蘖数、植株干质量影响显著,而对根长、地下部分干质量无显著影响。(3)小麦生长不同时期增铵效应有所差别,对返青期各项指标影响显著,主要是增加单株分蘖数;拔节期对叶面积指数影响显著,而对分蘖和茎鞘干质量无显著影响。

Difference in Early Growth of Different-genotype Wheat under the Condition of Enhanced Ammonium Nutrition in Field

In the field,14 winter wheat cultivars,representatives of three wheat gluten types in Henan,were used to investigate the effect of different NO-₃/NH+₄ ratios（100∶0,75∶25,50∶50,25∶75,0∶100） on the early growth and the dry-matter accumulation of wheat,and to study the effect of enhanced ammonium nutrition（EAN）on the growth of wheat with different genotypes.The results indicated that:（1） According to the performance of different genotypes to EAN,all the varieties were divided into sensitive type,less sensitive type,and insensitive type.The response of different type wheat to EAN were significantly different.（2）Under the EAN,when the proportion of NH+₄ was 25%-50%,it had a significantly promoting function,and especially influenced the plant height,leaf area index,tiller number and plant dry weight,but had no effect on root length and underground dry weight.（3）In different growth periods,wheat showed different reaction to EAN.EAN significantly affected the indexes after returning green,and mainly increased tillers.In jointing stage,it impacted leaf area index significantly,but had no significant influence on tillers and the dry weight of stem sheath.