玉米杂交种不同产量水平穗部性状的相关和通径分析

对河南省近3a(2008-2010年)参加60 000株/hm2密度组区域试验的低、中、高3个产量水平玉米杂交种的产量与穗部性状进行了相关和通径分析,以期为选育耐密植高产玉米新品种提供参考。结果表明:在6 000～7 500kg/hm2较低产量水平,对产量直接作用比较大的有行粒数、千粒重、穗行数、穗粗和穗长;在7 500～9 000kg/hm2产量水平,对产量直接作用比较大的有出籽率、穗长、千粒重、穗粗和行粒数;在9 000kg/hm2以上高产水平,对产量直接作用比较大的有穗长、虚尖长、行粒数、穗粗、轴粗,净效应值比较大的有穗长、千粒重、出籽率和轴粗。由此可见,在选育耐密植的高产(9 000kg/hm2以上)玉米杂交种时,应重视穗长、穗粗、出籽率和千粒重的选择。

Correlation and Path Analysis on Ear Traits of Maize Hybrid under Different Yield Levels

The correlation and path analysis were used to study the yield and ear properties of 90 maize hybrids under different yield levels(high,middle and low) from 3 years of Henan Regional Trial with the high density of 60 000 plants per hectare,in order to provide a reference for breeding the high yield and density-tolerant maize varieties.The results indicated that the kernels per row,1 000-kernel weight,rows per ear,ear diameter and ear length contributed more to grain yield under 6 000-7 500 kg/ha yield level;the shelling percentage,ear length,1 000-kernel weight,ear diameter and kernels per row had greater effect on yield under 7 500-9 000 kg/ha production le-vel;while the ear length,1 000-kernel weight,shelling percentage and axis diameter were more important to yield above 9 000 kg/ha production level.This suggested that for the breeding of maize hybrids with yield level of more than 9 000 kg/ha,more attention should be paid to the ear length,1 000-kernel weight,shelling percentage and axis diameter.