利用多余光照光伏发电的温室透明覆盖材料的研制

针对高于光饱和点的多余光照对植物生长没有意义的问题,该文研究了一种可利用多余光照实施光伏发电的新型实体复合抛物面聚光(compound parabolic concentrate)温室透明覆盖材料。利用光学仿真软件对不同入射角的太阳光进行追踪,并对该透明覆盖材料在实际天气下的透过率和发电功率进行试验研究。仿真结果与试验输出功率以及覆盖材料实际透过率的趋势相吻合,在正午阳光强烈时覆盖材料透过率低,最低时只有32%;而上、下午透过率相对较高,在60%左右。研究表明此新型温室覆盖材料可以较好地调节光照,使温室内的光照度更加均匀,进而改善温室内光热环境,同时利用多余光照发电,实现太阳能综合利用。

Development of transparent greenhouse cover with function of generating electricity by surplus light and photovoltaic

The common cover materials of greenhouses are glass and transparent plastic film. Generally speaking, they have no significant advantage for adjusting incidence lights of greenhouses. Given that the light intensity above the light saturation point is meaningless for plant growth, as in summer, the strong sunlight at noon is surplus, that is, surplus light is unused, so a new kind of entity Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) transparent greenhouse cover is proposed. The cover consists of many entity CPCs, meaning that the material is plexiglass (polymethyl methacrylate) and has high transparency. This cover can change the light paths, and the compound parabolic cells that stick to the bottom of the CPC can generate electricity. Lights of different incidence angles are tracked by optical simulation software; and, the relationship between the lights of incidence angles and transmittance has been analyzed. A test sample has been produced and a test system has been built. Also, an experimental study of transmittance and power generation under actual weather has been conducted. The test system consisted of an integral box (using the integrating sphere principle), a transparent entity CPC cover material (size: 30 cm ? 27 cm ? 2 cm), a light meter, a voltmeter, an ammeter, and so on.