牛胚胎角芽组织基因表达特征分析

[目的] 通过基因表达特征的分析，揭示在形成牛胚胎角芽组织中起关键作用的基因和通路，从而更深入地了解角芽发育过程中的分子机制。[方法] 基于牛胚胎角芽组织、额部皮肤组织、脑、心脏、肾、肝脏、肺、瘤胃、骨骼肌、脾脏的转录组测序数据，利用主成分分析(PCA)、差异表达基因分析和基因富集分析来解析角芽组织的基因表达特征。 [结果] 多组织基因表达比较鉴定到810个角芽组织特异高表达基因。主成分分析表明牛胚胎角芽组织与额部皮肤组织的基因表达模式最为相似，但存在1695个显著上调基因（校正p<=0.05), 这些基因功能富集到与神经和骨发育相关的通路。[结论] 从多组织比较、角芽组织和额部皮肤的差异比较两个方面分别鉴定了角芽组织的基因表达特征，角芽组织特异高表达基因富集到骨、神经和皮肤发育相关通路，暗示着角芽组织发育涉及多组织协同，具有复杂的调控机制。

Gene Expression Characteristics of Bovine Embryonic Horn Bud Tissues

[objective] Through the analysis of gene expression characteristics, this study aims to reveal the key genes and pathways involved in the formation of bovine embryonic horn bud tissues, thereby gaining deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying horn bud development and providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of polled cattle. [methods] RNA-seq from bovine embryonic horn bud tissues, frontal skin tissues, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, rumen, skeletal muscle, and spleen were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), differential gene expression analysis, and gene enrichment analysis to decipher the gene expression characteristics of horn bud tissues. [results] Comparative analysis of gene expression across multiple tissues identified 810 genes specifically highly expressed in horn bud tissues. Principal component analysis revealed that the gene expression pattern of bovine embryonic horn bud tissues was most similar to that of frontal skin tissues, yet there were 1695 significantly upregulated genes (adjusted p <= 0.05). These genes were functionally enriched in pathways related to neural and bone development. [conclusion] Through comparative analysis across multiple tissues and differential comparison between horn bud tissues and frontal skin, the gene expression characteristics of horn bud tissues were identified. The enrichment of specifically highly expressed genes in horn bud tissues in pathways related to bone, neural, and skin development implies the involvement of multiple tissues and complex regulatory mechanisms in horn bud development.