Formulation of vegetable fat pellets with pheromone and Beauveria bassiana to control the larger grain borer,Prostephanus truncatus (Horn)

The use of hydrogenated rapeseed oil as a carrier for conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill was investigated as part of a research programme on the control of the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Melting the oil, which is solid at temperatures below 32 °C, allows the incorporation of materials such as aggregation pheromones and conidia; sudden cooling produces solid fat pellets. In attraction tests conducted with pellets containing P truncatus aggregation pheromone, significantly higher numbers of beetles were attracted to pellets containing pheromone at a concentration of 4 ml litre^?1 compared to control pellets for at least four weeks when held in Petri dishes in the laboratory and for at least six weeks when pellets held in insect traps were exposed to outside conditions. The attraction was retained over a period of storage in glass bottles; pellets stored in the freezer or incubator (at ?10 °C or 27 °C) attracted beetles according to the pheromone level for the duration of the work (14 and 13 months respectively). When pheromones and conidia were incorporated into the same pellets they could be stored in a freezer or refrigerator retaining over 80% viability after 51 weeks; those stored in an incubator at 27 °C showed significantly lower germination at 20.7–27.2% after the same time. There was an indication that the pheromone caused a slight reduction in the viability of conidia, although this may have been just a slight delay in the speed of germination. Rapid dose transfer from pellets with conidia with and without the addition of pheromone was demonstrated. Insects were exposed to pellets for 24 hours and 96–100% mortality was observed in treatments containing conidia within six days of exposure. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry