不同种类有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长和品质的影响

采用田间试验，在等氮、磷、钾施用量，有机氮施用量占总施氮量25%的条件下，研究饼肥、鸡粪、商品有机肥Ⅰ号、商品有机肥Ⅱ号等4种有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长和品质的影响。结果表明，与对照纯化肥相比，有机肥与化肥配施会提高烟株的抗病能力，增加烟叶中磷、钾、氯养分含量，降低烟叶氮素含量，尤其是上部烟叶氮素和烟碱的含量，但对烟叶总糖含量影响无明显规律。饼肥、鸡粪、商品有机肥Ⅰ号分别与化肥配施，生产出的烟叶化学成分含量适中，糖/碱比值、钾/氯比值比较协调，可明显改善烟叶香气质，增加烟叶香气量，上中等烟叶比例提高，增加烟叶产值。饼肥、鸡粪、商品有机肥1号均可作为福建烟区烤烟生产使用的有机肥。

Effects of Application of Different Types of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on the Growth and Quality of the Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

In the condition of the same supply of N, P, K, the amount organic-N was 25% of total N, the field experiment was done to investigate the growth and quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves by applying different type of organic fertilizer such as rapeseed cake manure, chicken manure, organic-fertilizerⅠand organic-fertilize Ⅱcombined chemical fertilizer. The results showed that combining application of organic-chemical fertilizers could increase disease resistance, could raise the contents of P ,K and Cl in the flue-cured tobacco leaves, decreased the concentration s of nitrogen and nicotine in the flue-cured tobacco leaves in the four organic fertilizer treatments compared with chemical fertilizer treatment , but the total sugar content of flue-cured tobacco leaves was no significant difference among the treatments. The results also showed that rapeseed cake manure, chicken manure, organic-fertilizerⅠcombined chemical fertilizer could obtain high quality leaves containing the suitable ratio of nicotine and total sugar .The sensory evaluation indicated the high flavor quality of leaves could obtained by the treatment . the leaves in rapeseed cake manure, chicken manure, organic-fertilizerⅠtreatments had the characteristics of good aroma quantity ,full aroma quality, small odor ,suitable irritation. The results showed that the ratio of qualified tobacco leaves was increased ,and output value was increased in rapeseed cake manure, chicken manure, organic-fertilizerⅠtreatments. These indicated that rapeseed cake manure, chicken manure, organic-fertilizerⅠshould be idea organic fertilizers for Fujian tobacco growing areas.