山区综合治理开发与持续发展

本文主要论述了国外山区流域治理的概况。发达国家山区流域治理的目标是以防治泥石流、山洪等山地灾害为主。发展中国家山区流域治理的目标是在有限的土地上解决山区居民的温饱问题。作者根据我国的实情，提出了我国山区综合治理开发应以县为操作单元及实现社会、经济和环境可持续发展的基本思路。

Comprehensive Management and Sustainable Development of Mountain Areas

Watershed management is one of the main types for mountain development in the world.In the developed countries such as USA,European countries and Japan,the purpose of watershed management is to prevent from the damage of torrent,debris flow and take watershed management as a synthetic system of the human society to achieve dynamic balance between environment,society and economics.In the developing countries the population increases rapidly,with lacking of food,fuel etc.,which results in watershed deteriorated worsely,so the aim is to solve the problems human life.Since 1980's China had made great progress and achievement in developing mountain areas such as the famous three north protective forest system construction,etc.There are three main characteristics of developing mountain areas: sustainable development; comprehensive management and economical benefit.According to China's situation (1)county should be taken as the unit for managing and developing mountain area;(2)technology and education should go first and proper policy and modern management methods should be adcepted; (3)industrial construction should be aimed to protect and improve mountain environment.